紀 (地質學)

維基百科,自由的百科全書
·
年代地層學
岩段(地層
地質年代學
時間間隔
說明
共有4個,大於5億年
共有14個,數億年
共有22個,數千萬至數億年
共有34個,數千萬年
共有99個,數百萬年
小於期,國際地層委員會(ICS)不使用
規範用法:恐龍生活在侏羅紀(時間),恐龍化石在侏羅系地層中找到。上、下修飾年代地層單位。早、晚修飾地質年代單位。(例:下白堊統對應早白堊世)

(period)是地質學上的時間單位,將區分為更小的時間周期,同理區分為更小的周期。在地球科學里岩石、尤其是成序列的岩石叫地層。

對存在有序排列的「柱狀岩石」組成部分,其具體形成的時期,原因都是地質研究的重點。貼切的時間單位通常意味着對應有相似特徵的岩石地層單位,這種特徵同時發生的其他地方作為岩層沉積物被掩埋在地下。

地質年代參照表


參見

參考資料

  1. ^ Paleontologists often refer to faunal stage英語faunal stages rather than geologic (geological) periods. The stage nomenclature is quite complex. For an excellent time-ordered list of faunal stages, see The Paleobiology Database. [2006-03-19]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in radiometric dating and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the International Commission on Stratigraphy 2004 time scale. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point has been internationally agreed upon: see Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points - International Commission on Stratigraphy,存於互聯網檔案館 for a complete list.
  3. ^ References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Historically, the 新生代 has been divided up into the 第四紀 and 第三紀 sub-eras, as well as the 新近紀 and 古近紀 periods. The 2009 version of the ICS time chart recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.
  5. ^ 王瑜 成星:「國際地層委員會更新國際年代地層表 4200年前地球進入新的地質時期——梅加拉亞期」,《中國自然資源報》 發佈時間:2018-08-01
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 For more information on this, see the following articles: 地球大氣層, 二氧化碳, Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere英語Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere, global warming, 氣候變遷, Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png, Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png, Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png, and Template:DF temperature
  7. ^ The start time for the Holocene epoch is here given as 11,700 years ago. For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see Holocene.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 在北美,石炭紀被細分為 Mississippian英語Mississippian and Pennsylvanian英語Pennsylvanian Periods.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 上石炭紀地質在歐美及中國均以盛產煤炭著名,因此便以石炭紀為此時代地層的名稱,但在美國則以密士西必紀作為下石炭紀,另以賓夕法尼亞紀稱上部石炭紀。[1]
  10. ^ The Precambrian is also known as Cryptozoic.
  11. ^ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 The Proterozoic, Archean and Hadean are often collectively referred to as the Precambrian Time or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.
  12. ^ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 Defined by absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age英語Global Standard Stratigraphic Age).
  13. ^ The age of the oldest measurable craton, or continental crust, is dated to 3600–3800 Ma
  14. ^ Though commonly used, the Hadean 不是一個正式的 eon 並且沒有商定太古宙和太古宙的下界。 Hadean 有時也被稱為 Priscoan 或 Azoic。 有時,可以發現冥古界是根據 lunar geologic time scale. These eras include the Cryptic and Basin Groups (which are subdivisions of the Pre-Nectarian era), Nectarian, and Early Imbrian英語Early Imbrian units.
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 These unit names were taken from the Lunar geologic timescale and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial.
  16. ^ Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1999, 134 (1): 3. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465.  The oldest rock on Earth is the Acasta Gneiss英語Acasta Gneiss, and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the Northwest Territories of Canada.
  17. ^ Geology.wisc.edu