反犹太主义武器化
反犹太主义武器化又稱反犹太主义工具化、打反犹太主义牌。 [1]是指有人為了某種政治目的而隨意批評他人的行為涉嫌反犹太主义，例如當有人批評以色列时，另一批不支持批評的人就說批評以色列的人在搞反犹太主义，以此來回擊批評以色列的人 [2]。有人批评隨意指控他人反猶太主義這一行為本身就是一種抹黑策略，且隨意指控他人反猶太主義也是在訴諸動機。[3][4] 還有評論認為，将对以色列的批评定义为反犹太主义是在帮助以色列领导层推行极端主义、种族主义政策。[5]
参考文献
- ^ Examples of the term "antisemitism card":
- ^ Illustrative examples:
- ^ Examples of criticism as smear tactics:
- ^ Examples of criticism as appeal to motive:
- ^ 澎湃思想周报丨《反犹太主义意识法案》争议与不自由的美国. 澎湃新闻. 2024-05-06 [2024-05-07] （中文）.
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- Beinin, Joel. The New American McCarthyism: Policing Thought about the Middle East. Race & Class. 2004, 46 (1): 101–115. ISSN 0306-3968. S2CID 143636285. doi:10.1177/0306396804045517.
- Brownfeld, Allan. Anti-Semitism: Its Changing Meaning. Journal of Palestine Studies (Institute for Palestine Studies, University of California Press). 1987, 16 (3): 53–67. ISSN 1533-8614. JSTOR 2536789. doi:10.2307/2536789.
- Chomsky, Noam. The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians. Politics/Mideast. South End Press. 1983. ISBN 978-0-89608-187-1.
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- Hirsh, David. Accusations of malicious intent in debates about the Palestine-Israel conflict and about antisemitism The Livingstone Formulation, 'playing the antisemitism card' and contesting the boundaries of antiracist discourse. Transversal. 2010, 11: 44–77 [2024-01-01].
- Landy, David; Lentin, Ronit; McCarthy, Conor. Enforcing Silence: Academic Freedom, Palestine and the Criticism of Israel. Zed Books Ltd. 15 May 2020. ISBN 978-1-78699-653-4.
- Marcus, Kenneth L. Anti-Semitism Denial and Minimisation. Jewish Identity and Civil Rights in America. Cambridge University Press. 2010: 67–69 [2024-01-01]. ISBN 978-1-139-49119-8.
- Mearsheimer, John; Walt, Stephen. The Great Silencer. The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy. Penguin Books Limited. 2008: 191–196. ISBN 978-0-14-192066-5.
- Quigley, John. The Legality of a Jewish State: A Century of Debate over Rights in Palestine. Cambridge University Press. 2021. ISBN 978-1-316-51924-0.
- Piety, Harold R., Who Speaks for Judaism?, The Journal Herald (Dayton, Ohio), Nov 13, 1975
- Plitnick, Mitchell; Aziz, Sahar F. Presumptively Antisemitic: Islamophobic Tropes in the Palestine Israel Discourse (PDF). Rutgers University Law School Center for Security, Race, and Rights. 2023-11-23.
- Riemer, Nick. Boycott Theory and the Struggle for Palestine: Universities, Intellectualism and Liberation. Off the Fence: Morality, Politics and Society. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2022. ISBN 978-1-5381-7588-0.
- Rubenberg, Cheryl. Israel and the American National Interest: A Critical Examination. University of Illinois Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-252-06074-8.
- Steinberg, Bernie. For the Safety of Jews and Palestinians, Stop Weaponizing Antisemitism. The Harvard Crimson. 2023-12-29.
- Thompson, Jon. No Debate: The Israel Lobby and Free Speech at Canadian Universities. Canadian Association of University Teachers. Lorimer. 2012 [2024-01-09]. ISBN 978-1-55277-657-5.
- Waxman, Dov; Schraub, David; Hosein, Adam. Arguing about antisemitism: why we disagree about antisemitism, and what we can do about it. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 2022-07-04, 45 (9): 1803–1824. ISSN 0141-9870. S2CID 238721730. doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1960407.
- White, Ben. Delegitimizing Solidarity: Israel Smears Palestine Advocacy as Anti-Semitic (PDF). Journal of Palestine Studies. 2020-02-01, 49 (2): 65–79. ISSN 0377-919X. S2CID 218853797. doi:10.1525/jps.2020.49.2.65.
- 'Abd al-Hay, Walid; Centre, Al-Zaytouna, Israel's Employment of "Anti-Semitism", Al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies and Consultations, 2021-10-14 [2024-01-01]
- Butler, Judith; Jewish Voice for Peace. On Antisemitism: Solidarity and the Struggle for Justice. G - Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Haymarket Books. 2017. ISBN 978-1-60846-761-7.
- Cook, Jonathan. UK and Israel: Has the fightback against weaponised antisemitism begun?. Middle East Eye. 2023-09-22 [2024-01-08].
- Feldman, David; Volovici, Marc. Antisemitism, Islamophobia and the Politics of Definition. Palgrave Critical Studies of Antisemitism and Racism. Springer International Publishing. 2023. ISBN 978-3-031-16266-4.
- Franklin, Shai. Israel's Overplayed 'Anti-Semitism' Card. HuffPost. 2013-05-08 [2024-01-01].Template:Synthesis inline
- Friedman, Lara. Targeting Free Speech & Redefining Antisemitism: How Pro-Israel Actors Are Using US Laws to Attack Palestinian Activism & Solidarity. University of the Pacific Law Review. 2023-09-05, 54 (4).
- Gould, Rebecca. Erasing Palestine: Free Speech and Palestinian Freedom. Verso Books. 2023. ISBN 978-1-83976-902-3.
- How Israel And Its Allies Weaponize Antisemitism. Al Jazeera. 2024-02-15 –通过YouTube.
- Hafetz, Jonathan; Aziz, Sahar, How a Leading Definition of Antisemitism Has Been Weaponized Against Israel's Critics, The Nation, 2023-12-27
- Lerman, Antony. Whatever Happened to Antisemitism?: Redefinition and the Myth of the 'Collective Jew'. Pluto Press. 2022. ISBN 978-0-7453-3879-8.
- Lerman, Antony. Weaponising antisemitism: The gift that keeps on giving. Declassified Media Ltd. 2024-02-14 [2024-02-17].
- Levi, Lili. Politicizing Antisemitism Amid Today's Educational Culture Wars. Lewis & Clark Law Review. 2023-04-09. SSRN 4450218
请检查|ssrn=的值 (帮助). - Robinson, William I.; Griffin, M.S.; Falk, R.A. We Will Not Be Silenced: The Academic Repression of Israel's Critics. AK Press. 2017. ISBN 978-1-84935-277-2.
- Walt, Stephen M. The art of the smear. Foreign Policy. 2012-12-17 [2024-03-19].
