尼泊爾經濟

**尼泊爾经济**
	加德滿都是尼泊爾的金融中心和首都
货币	尼泊尔卢比 (NPR, रू)
财政年度	7月16日至明年7月15日
贸易组织	WTO、SCO、SAFTA
国家分组	发展中国家; 中低收入經濟體;
统计数据
人口	▲ 29,164,578 (2021)
GDP	▲ $46.097 billion (nominal, 2023 est); ▲ $163.82 billion (PPP, 2023 est);
GDP增长率	▲4.2% (FY2020-21); ▲5.8% (FY2021-22); ▲4.4% (FY2022-23) ;
人均GDP	▲ $1,489 (nominal, 2023 est.); ▲ $5,321 (PPP, 2023 est.);
各产业GDP	農業: 24.5%; 工業: 13.7%; 服務業: 61.8%; (2022 est.);
通货膨胀（CPI）	7.76%(April 2023)
贫困人口	13.8% (2022)[不可靠来源]; 45.3% on less than $3.20/day (2022);
基尼系数	32.8 medium (2010)
人类发展指数	▲ 0.602 medium (2021) (142nd); ▲ 0.449 low IHDI (2021);
劳动力	▼ 16,016,973 (2020); semi skilled labor; 76.2% employment rate (2020);
各产业劳动力	agriculture: 43.1%; industry: 21.24%; services: 35.66%; (2020);
失业率	11.47% (2021)
主要产业	旅遊、地毯、紡織品；小型稻米、黃麻、糖和油籽工廠；香煙、水泥和磚塊生產
经商容易度排名	▲ 94th (easy, 2020)
对外贸易
出口	Template:IncreasePositive $2.69 billion (2021)
出口商品	服裝、豆類、地毯、紡織品、果汁、黃麻製品
主要出口伙伴	印度(+) 53.1%; 美國(+) 11.8%; 土耳其(+) 9.2%; (2020);
进口	▲ $15.17 billion (2021)
进口商品	石油產品、機械設備、黃金、電器、醫藥
主要进口伙伴	印度(+) 68.03%(2021est.); 中國(-) 31.97%(2021est.); (2017);
外商直接投資存量	$20 billion (31 July 2013 est.); Abroad: NA;
外债总额	▲ $11 billion (31 December 2020)
公共财政
国债	▲ 41.38% of GDP (2021/22)
預算平衡	−1% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
收入	10.925 billion (2017 est.)
支出	15.945 billion (2017 est.)
外汇储备	▲ $13.69 billion (Jan 2024)
	主要数据来源： CIA世界概况 ; 除非另有说明，所有数据单位均为美元。

尼泊爾經濟對農業及僑胞的匯款有很大程度上的依賴^[6]。直到20世紀中葉，尼泊爾仍然處於孤立及未被工業化的社會狀態，學校、醫院、道路、電信、電力、工業或民用服務一應俱無。1950年代開始有顯著的變化，一連串的五年計劃（英语：Five-Year Plans of Nepal）相繼展開，至2022年已經落實了第九個五年計劃。

國內65%的勞動人口從事農業，佔GDP的31.7%。主要農作物包括：水果和蔬菜（蘋果、梨子、番茄、各種沙拉蔬菜、桃子、油桃、馬鈴薯）以及大米和小麥。GDP的9.1%來自海外僑胞（包括前往中東各國打工）的匯款。旅遊業和水力發電是比較新興的經濟活動，為該國帶來非常可觀的收入。

參考

^ World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. [29 September 2019].
^ World Bank Country and Lending Groups. datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. [1 July 2020].
^ Population, total - Nepal. Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Nepal). 24 March 2023 [29 March 2023].
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. [10 April 2021].
^ International Monetary Fund. www.img.org. International Monetary Fund. [22 May 2023].
^ ^6.00 ^6.01 ^6.02 ^6.03 ^6.04 ^6.05 ^6.06 ^6.07 ^6.08 ^6.09 ^6.10 ^6.11 ^6.12 ^6.13 ^6.14 ^6.15 ^6.16 ^6.17 The World Factbook. CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. [1 November 2020].
^ Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Nepal. xinhuanet.net. Xinhuanet. [18 January 2020].
^ Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Nepal. data.worldbank.org. World Bank. [1 July 2020].
^ GINI index (World Bank estimate). data.worldbank.org. World Bank. [25 January 2019].
^ Human Development Index (HDI). hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. [11 December 2019].
^ Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI). hdr.undp.org. UNDP. [22 May 2020].
^ Labor force, total. World Bank. [2 November 2019].
^ Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate). World Bank. [14 September 2019].
^ Ease of Doing Business in Nepal. Doingbusiness.org. [2019-10-24].
^ Nepal's Debt. [1 Jan 2023].
^ Nepal's Forex Reserves. [12 January 2024].

外部連結

[1] World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. [29 September 2019].

[2] World Bank Country and Lending Groups. datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. [1 July 2020].

[3] Population, total - Nepal. Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Nepal). 24 March 2023 [29 March 2023].

[IMFWEONP-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. [10 April 2021].

[5] International Monetary Fund. www.img.org. International Monetary Fund. [22 May 2023].

[CIAWFBT-6] 6.00 ^6.01 ^6.02 ^6.03 ^6.04 ^6.05 ^6.06 ^6.07 ^6.08 ^6.09 ^6.10 ^6.11 ^6.12 ^6.13 ^6.14 ^6.15 ^6.16 ^6.17 The World Factbook. CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. [1 November 2020].

[7] Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Nepal. xinhuanet.net. Xinhuanet. [18 January 2020].

[8] Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Nepal. data.worldbank.org. World Bank. [1 July 2020].

[9] GINI index (World Bank estimate). data.worldbank.org. World Bank. [25 January 2019].

[10] Human Development Index (HDI). hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. [11 December 2019].

[11] Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI). hdr.undp.org. UNDP. [22 May 2020].

[12] Labor force, total. World Bank. [2 November 2019].

[13] Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate). World Bank. [14 September 2019].

[World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation-14] Ease of Doing Business in Nepal. Doingbusiness.org. [2019-10-24].

[15] Nepal's Debt. [1 Jan 2023].

[16] Nepal's Forex Reserves. [12 January 2024].

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