砂拉越王国
![本页使用了标题或全文手工转换](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png)
![]() |
砂拉越王国 Kerajaan Sarawak Raj of Sarawak | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1841年-1942年 1945年-1946年 | |||||||||||||
国歌:向海上前進 | |||||||||||||
![]() 砂拉越王國的疆域範疇 | |||||||||||||
地位 | 汶萊帝國附庸國(1841年-1842年) 独立国(1842年-1888年) 英属北婆羅洲保护国(1888年-1942年,1945年-1946年) | ||||||||||||
首都 | 古晋 | ||||||||||||
常用语言 | 官方語言:英语 通用語言:南方漢語、马来语、伊班语 | ||||||||||||
政府 | 君主制 | ||||||||||||
拉者 | |||||||||||||
• 1841年—1868年 | 詹姆斯·布洛克 | ||||||||||||
• 1868年—1917年 | 查尔斯·布洛克 | ||||||||||||
• 1917年—1946年 | 查尔斯·维纳·布洛克 | ||||||||||||
立法机构 | 國民議會 | ||||||||||||
历史时期 | 新帝国主义 | ||||||||||||
• 獨立,成為汶萊帝國的屬國 | 1841年8月18日 | ||||||||||||
1888年6月14日 | |||||||||||||
• 成为直轄殖民地 | 1946年6月30日 | ||||||||||||
• 马来西亚联邦成立 | 1963年9月16日 | ||||||||||||
面积 | |||||||||||||
124,450平方公里 | |||||||||||||
货币 | 砂拉越元 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
今属于 | ![]() |
馬來西亞历史 |
---|
![]() |
历史系列条目 |
![]() |
砂拉越王國(英語:Raj of Sarawak;馬來語:Kerajaan Sarawak),是19至20世纪位於婆羅洲島西北部的君主制國家,原本是汶萊的属地,後來成為英國的保護國。砂拉越王國於1850年被美國承認,1864年被英國承認。
創建於1841年,王朝地點位於東南亞婆羅洲砂拉越地區。該王朝創建者為白人拉者詹姆士·布魯克。因支持文莱苏丹平定叛乱,逐渐获得原属文莱的大量土地。在統治期間,詹姆士建立並鞏固砂拉越的統治支配權,並重整行政架構、制定法律並與海盜抗爭。1888年,砂拉越王國獲得了英國的保護,成為了婆羅洲的三個保護國之一,因而避免了被其他國家吞併。
1941年12月,布洛克王朝屬地逐漸遭到日軍侵占,直至1945年8月日軍於太平洋戰場宣布投降和撤離為止。1946年,該王朝最後一位拉者查爾斯·維納·溫特·布洛克決定放棄头衔,並將主權交予英國。1963年7月22日砂拉越自治,並在1963年9月16日砂拉越以邦之地位與馬來亞、沙巴及新加坡共組馬來西亞聯邦。
歷史
發現馬來群島
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pangeran_Raja_Muda_Hashim.jpg/150px-Pangeran_Raja_Muda_Hashim.jpg)
布洛克王朝由英國探險家詹姆斯·布洛克建立。他在1839年來到砂拉越河处並停泊在此[3]。在第一次英緬戰爭中在戰爭服役的詹姆斯受了重傷[4][5],於是在1825年返回英國,並逐漸從傷中恢復。由于他逾期休假,其軍職被沒收[6][7][8],但因為是在服役过程中受傷所以得到了英国政府的撫卹金。因此,在傷勢尚未痊愈的情況下,詹姆斯就試圖再返印度。之後,詹姆斯從印度前往中國養傷[9]。
1830年,在詹姆斯揚帆前往中國時,他發現了馬來群島,此時的歐洲人並未來到這裡。在他的父親還未離世之前的1835年,詹姆斯回到英國並在芬德利進行了一次失敗的貿易之旅[10]。由於受到他父親生前服務的公司東印度公司和斯坦福·萊佛士的冒險旅途及故事啟發,詹姆斯用他的生父留給他的3萬英鎊購買了一艘多桅縱帆船,詹姆斯為它取名為“保皇號”。在1838年10月27日正式揚帆前往遠東之前的1836年,他招募了幾位船員,並在地中海上訓練他們。1839年7月,詹姆斯來到了新加坡地區。在那裡,他遇到了文萊蘇丹奧馬爾·阿里·塞夫丁二世(Omar Ali Saifuddin II)的叔叔彭堅然·拉惹·穆達·哈欣(Pengeran Raja Muda Hashim),並在哈欣的幫助下找到了一名遇難的英國水手。
詹姆斯原本計劃航行至婆羅洲西北部的馬魯杜灣(Marudu Bay),但是英國駐新加坡總督要求他到婆羅洲西南部去為他們感謝哈欣。接下來的一個月,詹姆斯到達了目的地婆羅洲西南部,並在1839年8月14日將他的帆船停泊在砂拉越河畔,會見到了哈欣,並傳達了謝意。哈欣告訴他,他来這裡是为了控制因皇室近親彭堅然·印德拉·馬哥達(Pengiran Indera Mahkota)所頒布的壓迫政策而反叛的民眾。馬哥達早前被蘇丹派去壟斷該地區的銻,但這直接影響了當地馬來人的收入。土著達雅族和比達友人被壓迫得更甚,他們往往在礦山中被迫工作十餘年。據稱,文萊的叛亂得到了鄰國桑巴斯王朝和荷屬東印度政府的幫助,他們希望能得到開採銻礦的經濟利益。儘管哈欣盡力阻止這場叛亂,卻都無濟於事,這導致了哈欣向詹姆斯求助。
詹姆斯響應了哈欣的請求,并領導當地土著軍隊設法暫且阻止了叛亂。作为奖赏,文萊當局把砂拉越河畔的礦山中出產的銻礦赠与詹姆斯。在那之後,詹姆斯回到新加坡。他在蘇拉威西群島的海岸間航行了約6個月,最后在1840年8月29日返回砂拉越。
建國
在詹姆斯走後,反文萊統治的叛亂死灰復燃。詹姆斯重返砂拉越後,他再次設法平息叛亂,並赦免那些叛亂的人民,讓他們加入自己的陣營,提供他們一些權力,但同時也限制一些人的權力。儘管哈欣不曾想過赦免叛軍,但在詹姆斯的說服下,哈欣最終決定原諒他們,這次事件在鎮壓叛軍中發揮了極大的作用。為了換取詹姆斯對文萊的幫助,哈欣三思後,決定將古晉地區租給詹姆斯,而詹姆斯則每年進貢500英鎊給文萊。後來,詹姆斯還成為了砂拉越的一位拉惹。但是,這一度讓馬哥達發怒,因為哈欣把他原属于他的土地剝奪,而且還租借給了一個白人。馬哥達與哈欣因此发生爭執,導致哈欣延遲將已承諾的租界給予詹姆斯,而這反过来激怒了詹姆斯。詹姆斯帶著保皇號,全副武裝,攻打文萊,並呼籲哈欣展開談判。
1841年9月14日,哈欣別無選擇,只好將砂拉越全境地區授予詹姆斯。詹姆斯得到砂拉越後,立即废止了砂拉越地區的奴隸制、獵頭及海盜,並頒布新法律。1842年7月,他在砂拉越的統治權得到了文萊蘇丹奧馬爾·阿里·塞夫丁二世的確認。
歷任拉惹
序號 | 姓名 | 肖像 | 在位時間 | 備注 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
拉者 | |||||||||||
1 | 詹姆斯·布鲁克 James Brooke |
![]() |
1842年8月18日 - 1868年6月11日 | 獲汶萊蘇丹委任為拉惹 | |||||||
2 | 查尔斯·布鲁克 Charles Brooke |
![]() |
1868年8月3日 - 1917年5月17日 | 在位期間砂拉越成為英國保護國 | |||||||
3 | 查尔斯·维纳·布鲁克 Charles Vyner Brooke |
![]() |
1917年5月24日 - 1942年4月1日 | 二戰日本攻佔砂撈越,期間失去對砂拉越的統治 | |||||||
1942年4月1日至1945年8月15日日本佔領砂拉越 (日治婆羅洲由日治婆羅洲最高指揮官治理,查爾斯僅為日本扶持的傀儡) | |||||||||||
復任 | 查尔斯·维纳·布鲁克 Charles Vyner Brooke |
![]() |
1945年8月15日 - 1946年7月1日 | 在位期間將砂拉越治權交至英國,結束砂拉越王國的統治 | |||||||
在1946年砂拉越成為英属砂拉越直辖殖民地後,原布魯克家族繼承者安東尼·布魯克曾經試圖發動“反讓渡運動”以此來抵制英國殖民政府將砂拉越納為殖民地。而安東尼在砂拉越亦得到了馬來人與達雅人的擁戴欲成為下一任白人拉惹。 | |||||||||||
王位覬覦者 | 安東尼·布魯克 Anthony Brooke |
(王位覬覦者) | 砂拉越王國名義上的繼承者,但因1946年其父皇溫納·布魯克將砂拉越讓渡予英國殖民政府成為直轄殖民地。期間曾經支持馬來人與當地土著發動砂拉越反讓渡運動,但最終1951年退出該反讓渡運動而失敗告終。2011年3月2日於紐西蘭逝世。 |
參考文献
- ^ Barley, Nigel (2013). White Rajah: A Biography of Sir James Brooke. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 978-0-349-13985-2, pg.101
- ^ Straumann, Lukas (2014). Money Logging: On the Trail of the Asian Timber Mafia. Schwabe AG. ISBN 978-3-905252-69-9, pg.63
- ^ Pybus, Cassandra (1996). White Rajah: A Dynastic Intrigue. Univ. of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-2857-5, pg.6
- ^ Foggo, George (1853). Adventures of Sir J. Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak. Effingham Wilson.
- ^ Hazis, Faisal S. (2012). Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-4311-58-8, pg.66
- ^ Storey, Nicholas (2012). Great British Adventurers. Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84468-130-3.
- ^ Boyle, Frederick (1868). The Career and Character of Rajah Brooke in Temple Bar. Vol. 24. Richard Bentley (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), pg.204
- ^ Fraser, George MacDonald (2013). Flashman's Lady. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-101-63386-1, pg133
- ^ anon 1846,第357頁.
- ^ Boyle, Frederick (1868). The Career and Character of Rajah Brooke in Temple Bar. Vol. 24. Richard Bentley.
- anon. Obituary – Thomas Brooke, Esg in The Gentleman's Magazine, Or Monthly Intelligencer 41. William Pickering. 1836 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- anon. Mr Brooke of Borneo in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 59. William Blackwood. 1846.
- Belcher, Edward; Adams, Arthur. Narrative of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Samarang, During the Years 1843–46: Employed Surveying the Islands of the Eastern Archipelago, Accompanied by a Brief Vocabulary of the Principal Languages .... Reeve, Benham, and Reeve. 1848 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Whitaker, Joseph. An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord .... J. Whitaker. 1848 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Brooke (1), James. The Private Letters of Sir James Brooke, K.C.B., Rajah of Sarawak, Narrating the Events of His Life, from 1838 to the Present Time 1. R. Bentley. 1853 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Brooke (3), James. The Private Letters of Sir James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak: Narrating the Events of His Life from 1838 to the Present Time 3. R. Bentley. 1853 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Foggo, George. Adventures of Sir J. Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak. Effingham Wilson. 1853 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Bowring, John. A Visit to the Philippine Islands. Smith, Elder & Co. 1859.
- anon. Mr. St. John's Borneo in The North British Review 36–37. Leonard Scott [American Edition]. 1862.
- Boyle, Frederick. The Career and Character of Rajah Brooke in Temple Bar 24. Richard Bentley. 1868 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Sarawak Gazette. Sarawak Gazette. [Govt. Printer]. 1870. ISSN 0036-4762.
- anon. St.John's Life of Sir James Brooke in Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art XLVIII. 1879.
- McDougall, Harriette. Sketches of Our Life at Sarawak (Illanun Pirates). Project Canterbury, Anglican History. 1882 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-06).
|volume=
被忽略 (帮助) - Great Britain. Foreign Office. British and Foreign State Papers. H.M. Stationery Office. 1888.
- Appleton. Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. D. Appleton & Company [Data published in 1893]. 1894 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- MacGregor, John. Through the Buffer State: A Record of Recent Travels Through Borneo, Siam and Cambodia. F.V.White, London. 1896 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Baynes, Thomas Spencer. The Encyclopaedia Britannica: Latest Edition. A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature. Werner. 1902.
- Baring-Gould, Sabine; Bampfylde, Charles Agar. A History of Sarawak Under Its Two White Rajahs, 1839–1908. H. Sotheran & Company. 1909.
- Gazette, Sarawak. The Singapore free press and merchatile advertiser. The Singapore free press and merchatile advertiser. 1922 [4 February 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-10).
- Great Britain. War Office. Strategic survey of British North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak: British Empire Section. May 8, 1942. Intelligence Division. 1942 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Yust, Walter. Ten eventful years: a record of events of the years preceding, including and following World War II, 1937 through 1946. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1947 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Ah Chon, Ho. Kuching in pictures (1841–1946). Sarawak state library (Pustaka Negeri Sarawak). 1948.
- Irwin, Graham. Nineteenth-century Borneo; a Study in Diplomatic Rivalry. M. Nijhoff. 1955.
- Kaplan, Irving; Roberts, Chester F. Area Handbook on British Borneo. University of Chicago for the Human Relations Area Files. 1955 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Forrester-Wood, W. R. The Stamps and Postal History of Sarawak. Sarawak Specialists Society. 1959.
- Royal Asiatic Society. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 33. Royal Asiatic Society. 1960 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Great Britain. Colonial Office. Sarawak. H.M. Stationery Office. 1962 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Purcell. South East Asia Since 1800. Cambridge University Press. 1965. ISBN 978-0-521-06007-3.
- Mills, Lennox Algernon. British Malaya, 1824–1867. Oxford University Press. 1966.
- Hilton, P. B.; Tate, Donna J. The modern world. Oxford University Press. 1966 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Miller, Harry. Pirates of the Far East. Hale. 1970 [2022-07-05]. ISBN 9780709114291. (原始内容存档于2022-07-05).
- Crisswell, Colin N. Rajah Charles Brooke: monarch of all he surveyed. Oxford University Press. 1978. ISBN 978-0-19-580392-1.
- Ellinwood Jr., DeWitt C.; Enloe, Cynthia H. Ethnicity and the Military in Asia. Transaction Publishers. 1978. ISBN 978-1-4128-2290-9.
- Madden, A. F.; Fieldhouse, David Kenneth; Darwin, John. Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth: "The Empire of the Bretaignes," 1175–1688. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1985. ISBN 978-0-313-23897-0.
- Wright, Leigh R. The Origins of British Borneo. Hong Kong University Press. 1988. ISBN 978-962-209-213-6.
- Leake, David. Brunei: the modern Southeast-Asian Islamic sultanate
. McFarland. 1989.
hashim.
- Morrison, Alastair. Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official. SEAP Publications. 1993. ISBN 978-0-87727-712-5.
- Talib, Naimah S. The Development of the Sarawak Administrative Service from Its Inception (1840s) to 1963. University of Hull. 1993 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-11-20).
- Yong, Paul. A dream of freedom: the early Sarawak Chinese. Pelanduk Publications. 1994. ISBN 978-967-978-377-3.
- la Boda, Sharon. International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. 1994. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6.
- Chang, Pat Foh. The Land of Freedom Fighters. Ministry of Social Development, Sarawak. 1995.
- Pybus, Cassandra. White Rajah: A Dynastic Intrigue. Univ. of Queensland Press. 1996. ISBN 978-0-7022-2857-5.
- Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert. Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1996. ISBN 978-0-313-29366-5.
- Bickersteth, Jane; Hinton, Amanda. Malaysia & Singapore Handbook. Footprint Handbooks. 1996. ISBN 978-0-8442-4909-4.
- Eliot, Joshua; Bickersteth, Jane; Ballard, Sebastian. Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore Handbook. Trade & Trade & Travel Publications ; New York, NY. 1996.
- Chin, Ung Ho. Chinese Politics in Sarawak: A Study of the Sarawak United People's Party. Oxford University Press. 1996. ISBN 978-983-56-0007-4.
- Webster, Anthony. Gentleman Capitalists: British Imperialism in Southeast Asia 1770–1890. I.B.Tauris. 1998. ISBN 978-1-86064-171-8.
- Bulbeck, David; Reid, Anthony; Cheng, Tan Lay; Yiqi, Wu. Southeast Asian Exports Since the 14th Century: Cloves, Pepper, Coffee, and Sugar. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 1998. ISBN 978-981-3055-67-4.
- Ooi, Keat Gin. Rising Sun over Borneo: The Japanese Occupation of Sarawak, 1941–1945. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 1999. ISBN 978-1-349-27300-3.
- Williams, Mary H. Special Studies, Chronology, 1941–1945. Government Printing Office. 1999. ISBN 978-0-16-001876-3.
- Tate, Muzaffar. The power behind the state (A history of Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation (SESCO) and of Electricity Supply in Sarawak). Sarawak Electricity Supply Corp. 1999. ISBN 983-99360-1-8.
- Talib, Naimah S. Administrators and Their Service: The Sarawak Administrative Service Under the Brooke Rajahs and British Colonial Rule. Oxford University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-983-56-0031-9.
- Lea; et al. A Political Chronology of South East Asia and Oceania. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 978-1-135-35659-0.
- Tarling, Nicholas. A Sudden Rampage: The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, 1941–1945. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 2001. ISBN 978-1-85065-584-8.
- Rottman, Gordon L. World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-military Study. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002. ISBN 978-0-313-31395-0.
- Walker, John Henry. Power and Prowess: The Origins of Brooke Kingship in Sarawak. Allen & Unwin. 2002. ISBN 978-1-86508-711-5.
- Ledesma, Charles de; Lewis, Mark; Savage, Pauline. Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Rough Guides. 2003. ISBN 978-1-84353-094-7.
- Tarling, Nicholas. Imperialism in Southeast Asia. Routledge. 2003. ISBN 1-134-57081-3.
- Reece, Bob. The White Rajahs of Sarawak: A Borneo Dynasty. Archipelago Press. 2004. ISBN 978-981-4155-11-3.
- Bayly, Christopher Alan; Harper, Timothy Norman. Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945
. Harvard University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-674-01748-1.
- Jackson, Ashley. The British Empire and the Second World War. A&C Black. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8264-3760-0.
- Cooke, Fadzilah Majid. State, Communities and Forests in Contemporary Borneo. ANU E Press. 2006. ISBN 978-1-920942-52-6.
- Jackson, Caroline. Enlivening Brooke legacy. The Star. 2007. (原始内容存档于9 August 2017).
- Yeong Jia, Joshua Chia. The Borneo Company Limited. National Library Board. 2007 [25 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于12 October 2015).
- Cramb, Rob A. Land and Longhouse: Agrarian Transformation in the Uplands of Sarawak. NIAS Press. 2007. ISBN 978-87-7694-010-2.
- Rowthorn, Chris. Borneo. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. 2008. ISBN 978-1-74059-105-8.
- Baker, Jim. Crossroads (2nd Edn): A Popular History of Malaysia and Singapore. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. 2008. ISBN 978-981-4435-48-2.
- Lockard, Craig. Southeast Asia in World History. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-972196-2.
- Shiraishi, Takashi. Across the Causeway: A Multi-dimensional Study of Malaysia-Singapore Relations. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2009. ISBN 978-981-230-783-5.
- Eguavoen, Irit; Laube, Wolfram. Negotiating Local Governance: Natural Resources Management at the Interface of Communities and the State. LIT Verlag Münster. 2010. ISBN 978-3-643-10673-5.
- Ishikawa, Noboru. Between Frontiers: Nation and Identity in a Southeast Asian Borderland. Ohio University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-89680-476-0.
- Runciman, Steven. The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946. Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-521-12899-5.
- Cotterell, Arthur. Western Power in Asia: Its Slow Rise and Swift Fall, 1415 – 1999. John Wiley & Sons. 2011. ISBN 978-1-118-16999-5.
- Tan, Gabriel. Under the Nippon flag. The Borneo Post. 2011. (原始内容存档于4 August 2017).
- Bissonnette, Jean-Francois; Bernard, Stephane; de Koninck, Rodolphe. Borneo Transformed: Agricultural Expansion on the Southeast Asian Frontier. NUS Press. 2011. ISBN 978-9971-69-544-6.
- Bakar, Lamah. The story behind the state's streets and roads. The Star (Malaysia). 2011 [4 February 2018]. (原始内容存档于6 March 2017).
- Hock, Lim Kian. A look at the civil administration of Sarawak. The Borneo Post. 2011. (原始内容存档于1 August 2017).
- Gott, Richard. Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt. Verso Books. 2011. ISBN 978-1-84467-892-1.
- Tajuddin, Azlan. Malaysia in the World Economy (1824–2011): Capitalism, Ethnic Divisions, and "Managed" Democracy. Lexington Books. 2012. ISBN 978-0-7391-7196-7.
- Hazis, Faisal S. Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2012. ISBN 978-981-4311-58-8.
- Storey, Nicholas. Great British Adventurers. Casemate Publishers. 2012. ISBN 978-1-84468-130-3.
- Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul. Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. 2012. ISBN 978-1-136-63979-1.
- Rogers, Alan. Wallace and the Sarawak Law. The Borneo Post. 2013 [14 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于20 August 2017).
- Ling, Alex. Golden Dreams of Borneo. Xlibris Corporation. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4797-9168-2.
- Fraser, George MacDonald. Flashman's Lady. Penguin Publishing Group. 2013. ISBN 978-1-101-63386-1.
- Saunders, Graham. A History of Brunei. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 978-1-136-87394-2.
- Ooi, Keat Gin. Post-war Borneo, 1945–50: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 978-1-134-05803-7.
- Barley, Nigel. White Rajah: A Biography of Sir James Brooke. Little, Brown Book Group. 2013. ISBN 978-0-349-13985-2.
- Kratoska, Paul H. Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 978-1-136-12506-5.
- Durand, Frédéric; Curtis, Richard. Maps of Malaysia and Borneo: Discovery, Statehood and Progress. Editions Didier Millet. 2014. ISBN 978-967-10617-3-2.
- Cuhaj, George S. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, General Issues, 1368–1960. F+W Media, Inc. 2014. ISBN 978-1-4402-4267-0.
- Straumann, Lukas. Money Logging: On the Trail of the Asian Timber Mafia. Schwabe AG. 2014. ISBN 978-3-905252-69-9.
- Sarawak State Government. Sarawak as a British Crown Colony (1946 â€" 1963). Government of Sarawak. 2014. (原始内容存档于4 August 2017).
- Ringgit, Danielle Sendou. The Bau Rebellion: What sparked it all?. The Borneo Post Seeds. 2015. (原始内容存档于6 August 2017).
- Wesseling, H. L. The European Colonial Empires: 1815–1919. Routledge. 2015. ISBN 978-1-317-89507-7.
- Shepley, Nick. Red Sun at War Part II: Allied Defeat in the Far East. Andrews UK Limited. 2015. ISBN 978-1-78166-302-8.
- Sarawak Government Railway. Sarawak Government Railway. Malayan Railways. 2015 [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-14).
- Kaur, A. Economic Change in East Malaysia: Sabah and Sarawak since 1850. Springer. 2016. ISBN 978-023-037-709-7.
- Barbara Watson, Andaya; Leonard Y., Andaya. A History of Malaysia. Palgrave Macmillan. 2016. ISBN 978-1-137-60515-3.
- Lai, Fanny. Visual Celebrations of Borneo's Wildlife. Tuttle Publishing. 2016. ISBN 978-146-291-907-9.
- Knapman, Gareth. Race and British Colonialism in Southeast Asia, 1770–1870: John Crawfurd and the Politics of Equality. Taylor & Francis. 2016. ISBN 978-1-315-45216-6.
- Sidhu, Jatwan S. Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2016. ISBN 978-1-4422-6459-5.
- Epstein, M. The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1933. Springer. 2016. ISBN 978-0-230-27062-6.
- Pateman, Colin. B-24 Bridge Busters: RAF Liberators Over Burma. Fonthill Media. 2017. GGKEY:ZSXA7694KY6.
- Aspalter, Christian. Health Care Systems in Developing Countries in Asia. Taylor & Francis. 2017. ISBN 978-1-317-12313-2.
- Welman, Frans. Borneo Trilogy Sarawak: Volume 1. Booksmango. 2017. ISBN 978-616-245-082-2.
- Press, Steven. Rogue Empires: Contracts and Conmen in Europe's Scramble for Africa. Harvard University Press. 2017. ISBN 978-0-674-97185-1.
- Uncle DI. Nibbling at land rights of indigenous peoples. The Borneo Post. 2017. (原始内容存档于6 August 2017).
- Tawie, Sulok. Sarawak Museum to close until 2020 for restoration. Malay Mail Online. 2017 [14 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于21 September 2017).
- Sarawak Health. Heritage in Health: The Story of Medical and Health Care Services in Sarawak. Sarawak State Health Department, Kuching. 2012. ISBN 978-967-10800-1-6.
- Ledingham Christie, W. Further investigations into latent dysentery and intestinal parasitism in Sarawak, Borneo. British Medical Journal. 17 July 1915, 2 (2846): 89–90. PMC 2302560
. PMID 20767729. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2846.89.
- Yadav, H. Cholera in Sarawak: A historical perspective (1873-1989) (PDF). Medical Journal Malaysia. 3 September 1990, 45 (3): 194–201 [2022-07-05]. PMID 2152080. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-06-17).
- Ranee of Sarawak. Sarawak. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. April 1914, 62 (3202): 428–434.
參見
|