相較於民族誌——透過直接接觸單一群體的文化,對其進行研究,民族學採用民族誌研究者曾撰述的內容,並比較與對比不同的文化。民族學此名稱由亞當·寇拉(Adam Franz Kollár)所創,1783年他於維也納出版《匈牙利帝國歷史與憲法的舒適設施》("Amenities of the History and Constitutional Law of the Kingdom of Hungary.", Historiae ivrisqve pvblici Regni Vngariae amoenitates)一書中,使用與界定這個術語[2] 。寇拉對於語言學與文化多樣性的興趣是由幾個源頭所觸發的,包括他的家鄉多語言的匈牙利王國,他在該帝國的斯洛伐克人地區的淵源,而且藉由在鄂圖曼土耳其帝國在更遙遠的巴爾幹半島逐漸撤退之後所萌生的一些轉變[3]。
^Newman, Garfield, et al (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 0-07-088739-X.
^Zmago Šmitek and Božidar Jezernik, "The anthropological tradition in Slovenia." In: Han F. Vermeulen and Arturo Alvarez Roldán, eds. Fieldwork and Footnotes: Studies in the History of European Anthropology. 1995.
^Gheorghiţă Geană, "Discovering the whole of humankind: the genesis of anthropology through the Hegelian looking-glass." In: Han F. Vermeulen and Arturo Alvarez Roldán, eds. Fieldwork and Footnotes: Studies in the History of European Anthropology. 1995.
參考書目
Johann Georg Adam Forster Voyage round the World in His Britannic Majesty’s Sloop, Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the Years 1772, 3, 4, and 5 (2 vols), London (1777)
Claude Lévi-Strauss, The Elementary Structurs of Kinship, (1949), [1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Structural Anthropology' (1958)[2] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Mauss, Marcel, originally published as Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de l'échange dans les sociétés archaïques in 1925, this classic text on gift economy appears in the English edition as The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies[3] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
David Maybury-Lewis, Akwe-Shavante society. (1967) [4] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Politics of Ethnicity: Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States (2003)[5] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
Pierre Clastres, Society Against the State (1974), [6] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
(意大利文) Mihai Pop, Glauco Sanga Problemi generali dell'etnologia europea La Ricerca Folklorica, No. 1, La cultura popolare. Questioni teoriche (Apr., 1980), pp. 89-96