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盖螺科

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盖螺科
湖北钉螺英语Oncomelania hupensis的一隻活體
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目: 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
总科: 麂眼螺總科 Rissooidea
科: 盖螺科 Pomatiopsidae
Stimpson英语William Stimpson, 1865[1]
多样性[2]
約170個淡水物種

盖螺科(學名:Pomatiopsidae[3],又名圆口螺科[4]盖口螺科[5]截尾釘螺科[6],是一個科級分類單元,其物種皆為小型、主要為淡水螺(也有棲息於其他環境的物種)的有螺厣淡水生腹足纲软体动物。根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類)》,本科屬於截螺總科之下[7]

本科物種已知是多種亞洲血吸蟲中間宿主[8]

型態描述

美國的貝類學家威廉·斯廷普森英语William Stimpson首次在1865年為這個分類單元定義為「蓋螺亞科」(Pomatiopsinae)[1]。 當時斯廷普森的分析如下[1]

分類

亞科

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,本科包括兩個亞科[7],與Davis (1979)[9]提的分類相同,即如下:

Family-group name Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974[15] is also in Pomatiopsidae, but it is not allocated in detail.[7]。這組分類單元在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》被劃歸截螺總科金環螺科Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928[16][17]

本科之下所包括的屬如下:

分佈

本科物種有世界性的分佈[8]。 然而,在生物多樣性方面,本科物種在日本列島的多樣性特別高,八個物種裡有四個物種有分佈,當中更有兩個物種是當地原生種[8]。 擬釘螺亞科物種在东南亚以淡水螺的形式輻射分佈[8]

Pomatiopsidae的大致分布图。
注:Tomichia英语Tomichia的分布也包括中非,[28]
Cecina英语Cecina (gastropod)有八個物種[29]

生態

盖螺科物種的棲息地呈多樣性:有淡水生的兩棲的沿海的英语littoral嗜鹽的英语halophilic穴居的英语Stygofauna、甚至陸生的[8][27]也有。不過陸生類群僅在位於東亞日本列島Blanfordia英语Blanfordia屬物種[8]Tomichia英语Tomichia屬和Coxiella屬包括多個在鹹水湖棲息的嗜鹽物種[8]

盖螺科以一到兩條不同的演化路徑英语Lineage (evolution)從海路進侵淡水棲息地[2];另外還有以兩條不同的演化路徑進侵陸地棲息[8]。下表綜合本科各屬的棲息環境:

蓋螺科各屬之生物多樣性及棲地總覽
屬學名 中文名 物種數 棲息地
Blanfordia英语Blanfordia 3[8] 陸地[8]
Cecina (gastropod)英语Cecina 8[29] 沿岸海邊英语littoral[29]
Coxiella 10[9](其中有一种已灭绝)[9] 鹹水湖[30]
Fukuia英语Fukuia 3[8] 陸地和淡水,也有兩棲,often arboreal[8]
"Fukuia" ooyagii英语Fukuia ooyagii
地位未定[8]
1 淡水[8]
Hemibia ?? ?? ??
Idiopyrgus英语Idiopyrgus 1-3 species[8][19] 淡水[19]
Oncomelania 釘螺屬 2[8] freshwater, marshy ground, seasonally amphibious[8]
Pomatiopsis英语Pomatiopsis 4[9] marshy ground, amphibious[8]
Tomichia英语Tomichia 11[8] freshwater, brackish,[20] saline lakes[8]
Delavaya ? ? ?
Fenouilia英语Fenouilia ? ? 淡水
Lithoglyphopsis ? ? ?
Tricula 拟钉螺属 15-20+ 淡水
Hubendickia英语Hubendickia 16[9] ?
Hydrorissoia 7[9] ?
Jullienia 诸氏螺属 10[9] ?
Karelainia 4[9] ?
Kunmingia英语Kunmingia 昆明螺属 ? ?
Neoprososthenia英语Neoprososthenia ? ? ?
Pachydrobiella英语Pachydrobiella 1[9] ?
Paraprososthenia英语Paraprososthenia 有指4個[9]或1 個cf.[31] 化石,淡水湖的湖床
Saduniella 1[9] ?
Lacunopsis 12[9] ?
Gammatricula英语Gammatricula γ-拟钉螺属 4 ?
Halewisia 1[9] ?
Jinghongia 景洪螺属 ? ?
Neotricula 新拟钉螺属 2 (at least)[8] 淡水
Pachydrobia 10[9] ?
Robertsiella英语Robertsiella 小罗伯特螺属 3[32] freshwater, streams[32]
Wuconchona 伍氏螺屬 至少一個 ?
Rehderiella ? ? ?
Spiripockia英语Spiripockia 1[27] 穴栖[27]

參考文獻

本文参考了以下参考文献中的公共领域文本[1]和参考文献中的CC-BY-2.0内容[8]

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外部連結

  • Davis G. M., Chen C.-E., Wu C., Kuang T.-F., Xing X.-G., Li L., Liu W.-J. & Yan Y.-L. (1992). "The Pomatiopsidae of Hunan, China (Gastropoda, Rissoacea)". Malacologia 34(1-2): 143-342.
  • Guan, F.; Niu, A. O.; Attwood, S. W.; Li, Y. L.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, Y. H. Molecular phylogenetics of Triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from southern China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008, 48 (2): 702–707. PMID 18502667. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021. 
  • Liu, L.; Huo, G.-N.; He, H.-B.; Zhou, B.; Attwood, S. W. A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC进化生物学. 2014, 14: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-29.