美洲LGBT權益
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美洲的LGBT權益 | |
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![]() 美洲 | |
同性性行為 | 35个国家中24个合法 20个地区全部合法 |
性別認同和表達 | 35个国家中13个合法 20个地区9个合法 |
同性伴侶關係 | 35个国家中10个合法 20个地区10个合法 |
限制法規 | 35个国家中7个国家宪法禁止同性婚姻 |
收養 | 35个国家中7个合法 20个地区10个合法 |
兵役議題 | 29个有军队的国家中16个允许公开服役 20个地区全部合法 |
反歧視保障 | 35个国家中15个合法 20个地区15个合法 |
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LGBT公民權利 | ||||||
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概况 亞洲 · 非洲 · 歐洲 · 美洲 · 大洋洲 · 歐盟 · 中東自由意志主義 · 共產主義 |
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女同性戀、男同性戀、雙性戀與跨性別者在美洲國家有不同的權益保障。英國、法國、西班牙、葡萄牙等歐洲國家曾長期殖民美洲,為自己的殖民地帶來不同的基督宗教教派和文化風俗,並持續對獨立後的前殖民地社會造成影響。在這些基督信仰中,羅馬天主教和耶穌基督後期聖徒教會相當反對同性戀權利運動,並持續對當地政府施壓、遊說。
在2005年,加拿大成為全球第四、美洲第一個承認同性婚姻的國家;之後包括阿根廷、烏拉圭、巴西、美國、哥倫比亞、厄瓜多、哥斯大黎加、智利和古巴先後通過同性婚姻法案。墨西哥也在2022年10月26日最後一州通過同性婚姻後成為全國性法律,荷蘭在美洲的自治國阿魯巴、庫拉索島、聖馬丁島與特別行政區聖尤斯特歇斯、波內赫、薩巴島也都承認同性婚姻,因為荷蘭是全球第一個承認同性婚姻的國家,而荷蘭法律適用於這些地區,丹麥屬地格陵蘭也於2015年開始承認同性婚姻。美國最高法院已于2015年6月28日裁定同性婚姻合法。
除了同性婚姻以外,美洲國家對同性結合、同性領養與同性戀是否能出櫃從軍等議題有不同的見解和法律規範,但就各大州來看,現今美洲社會對待同性戀已經越來越開明其友善程度僅次於歐洲,而在完全通過同性婚姻的36國之中,就有將近11國地理位置分佈在美洲。然而也有一些美洲國家(主要集中在加勒比海地區),例如牙買加、蓋亞那、巴貝多和千里達及托巴哥等仍未將同性戀非刑事化,依舊視同性性行為為非法 (儘管這些反同法律並未執行,仍然讓當地的LGBT團體活在壓力之下)。
美洲LGBT權益一覽表
北美洲
國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達 相關法律 |
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![]() 魁北克民事结合(2002年)[6] 艾伯塔成人互助关系(2003年)[7] 曼尼托巴同居关系(2004年)[8] |
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![]() 部份省份的精神卫生专业人员從事性取向轉換療法违法(自2015年) |
![]() 法律承認第三性別:X(自2017年) |
![]() (丹麥王國的構成國家) |
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![]() 墨西哥最高法院宣告不承認同性婚姻違憲,但由於州份的法律並不因此失效,要向法院申請禁制令才能在不承認同性婚姻的州結婚(自2015年起)。 2022年10月26日達成全國合法。 |
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![]() 全國禁止所有類型的歧视(自2003年)[23] |
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![]() 民事结合:佛蒙特州(2000年)[38],康涅狄格州(2005年)[39],新泽西州(2007年)[40],新罕布什尔州(2008年)[41],伊利诺伊州(2011年)[42],罗德岛州(2011年)[43],夏威夷州(2012年)[44],特拉华州(2012年)[45]和科罗拉多州(2013年)[46] |
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![]() ![]() 在就业和医疗保险方面禁止性别身份的歧视[51][52],23州訂定有相關歧視禁令。聯邦法律的仇恨罪自2009年立法,見馬修·謝巴德案 有些州或都市,如紐約市、加利福尼亞州、俄勒冈州、華盛頓州和紐澤西州等等承認第三性別:X,第一個承認的州是俄勒冈州(自2017年) |
中美洲
國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達 相關法律 |
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没有军队 | ![]() |
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加勒比海
國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達 相關法律 |
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![]() (荷兰海外直辖市): ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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![]() (荷蘭王國的自治國) |
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没有军队 | ![]() |
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![]() (法國海外领土,自2007年) |
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没有军队 | ![]() |
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![]() (法國海外领土,自2007年) |
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没有军队 | ![]() |
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![]() (荷蘭王國的自治國) |
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南美洲
國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達 相關法律 |
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參見
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