2022年扎姆法拉大屠杀
2022年1月4日至6日,尼日利亚扎姆法拉州土匪杀害了超过200人,[1]为尼日利亚近代史上死伤最严重的恐怖袭击。[2]
背景
尼日利亚匪患始于2011年,与农牧民冲突和博科圣地叛乱有关,至今已导致上千人遇害。土匪团伙袭击西北各州,大规模绑架乃至屠杀居民。仅在扎姆法拉州,2021年2月便有279名中学女生遭绑架,6月在朱尔米又有50余村民遭屠杀。[3]
袭击发生前,政府军在1月3日发动空袭,击毙100名土匪,摧毁多处基地;土匪因而进入扎姆法拉州展开报复。[4]几天后,尼日利亚政府认定这些匪徒为恐怖分子。[5]
屠杀
袭击发生前不久,土匪试图劫掠一个有3,000头牛的牛群,却遇到了当地义警。双方发生枪战,义警战败,多人遇害。土匪随即开始屠杀村民。[6][7]
1月4日下午12時45分左右,约300-500名土匪枪手乘摩托车进入库法尔丹亚镇(Kurfar Danya),[8]由此展开对安卡和布库尤姆地方政府区的系列劫案。[9][1][10]匪帮射杀村民,抢劫房屋后将其付之一炬。[11]土匪连续两天围攻库尔法镇(Kurfa)和拉芬-格罗镇(Rafin-Gero),未遭政府阻挠。[12][10]土匪先后摧毁五个定居点。[13]一名幸存者说土匪“见人就开枪”。[14]
1月6日,政府部队截击土匪,结束屠杀。[15][10]土匪头子贝洛·图尔吉(Bello Turji)被控对大屠杀负责。[16][17][18][19]
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已确认的遇袭定居点
受害者
扎姆法拉州当局称有58人死亡,备受争议。[26][27]一些难民认为有154人遇害。[14]人道主义事务部长萨迪亚·奥马尔·法鲁克的发言人称有200多具尸体下葬,[1]当地居民同意该说法。[28]著名反匪民团领袖甘博·阿巴雷(Gambo Abare)在系列袭击中遇害。[16][29]
后果
匪帮焚毁五个定居点,超过一万人流离失所,[13][1]多人至今下落不明。[30]土匪盗走大量资源,包括约2,000头牛。[31][32]尼日利亚当局抵达受害地区,协助组织集体葬礼。[14]救援工作仍在进行中。[33]
反应
尼日利亚
1月8日,尼日利亚总统穆罕默杜·布哈里谴责本次袭击,称尼日利亚将争取镇压该国的恐怖主义。[34][14]前联邦政府书记安伊姆·皮乌斯·安伊姆对杀戮事件感到难过,谴责肇事者“破坏生命和财产”。[35]
安卡埃米尔Alhaji Attahir Ahmad和布库尤姆埃米尔Alhaji Muhammad Usman加强了地区安防。扎姆法拉州长贝洛·马塔瓦勒立即访问受害地区,与幸存者及家属会面交谈。他批评媒体据报夸大伤亡人数,称媒体“大相径庭地引用近期逃亡土匪袭击的可怕死亡数字”。[36]
全体进步大会党谴责这一事件,支持尼日利亚武装部队追查肇事者。全国代理委员会书记约翰·詹姆斯·阿克潘·乌多-埃德赫代表党“向失去亲人的家庭表示衷心哀悼,并向扎姆法拉州政府和人民表示同情”。[37][38]
尼日利亚劳工大会谴责大屠杀以及土匪的“邪恶和不人道”。[39]
前尼日利亚航空部部长费米·法尼-卡约德提议以地毯式轰炸防止屠杀,并指出军方刚获得一批“超级巨嘴鸟”攻击机。[40]卡杜纳州州长纳西尔·艾哈迈德·埃尔-鲁法伊也表示支持。[41]
他们在索科托杀人,你把军队调到那儿,把他们赶出去,他们就跑到凯比。如果他们在凯比挨了炸,就接着跑到卡杜纳。应该从天上炸、从地上炸、联合地面部队同时在全西北部五六个州以及尼日尔轰炸他们。在我看来,这个问题可以在几周内解决。我相信现在的不安全程度已经到了临界点,必须付出一些代价。我希望一劳永逸地结束这场匪乱。这是个问题。[42] ——纳西尔·艾哈迈德·埃尔-鲁法伊
国际
土耳其外交部声称“据悉扎姆法拉州多起袭击造成逾百人丧生,对此表示万分悲痛。”[43][44]
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯对这一事件表示强烈谴责,支持尼日利亚的反恐行动,告诉尼日利亚当局"不遗余力地将这些令人发指的罪魁祸首绳之以法"。[45]古特雷斯重申了联合国对该国的声援。[46][47][48]
António Guterres | ![]() |
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@antonioguterres |
I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice.
尼日利亚扎姆法拉州周末发生了骇人听闻的袭击事件,许多平民遇害,对此我强烈谴责。我敦促尼日利亚当局不遗余力将这些令人发指的罪魁祸首绳之以法。
2022-01-10[49]
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- ^ António Guterres [@antonioguterres]. I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice. (推文). 2022-01-10 –通过Twitter.