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沙棘

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沙棘
沙棘
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目: 蔷薇目 Rosales
科: 胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae
属: 沙棘属 Hippophae
种:
沙棘 H. rhamnoides
二名法
Hippophae rhamnoides
L., 1753
异名
  • Elaeagnus rhamnoides
  • Rhamnoides hippophae
  • Osyris rhamnoides
  • Hippophae angustifolia
  • Hippophae littoralis
  • Hippophae stourdziana
  • Hippophae sibirica
  • Hippophae rhamnoideum
  • Hippophaë rhamnoides

沙棘(学名:Hippophae rhamnoides),或作海沙棘[1],是沙棘属的一种带有棘刺的落叶多年生小乔木或灌木。其种加词rhamnoides”源于希腊语,意为“像鼠李的”。原产于亚洲和欧洲的温带、寒温带地区[2]。沙棘可防风固沙,其果实可以食用或用来制作饮料,此外沙棘果在美容和药用上也有价值。

形态

沙棘的棘刺和果实

作为一种落叶灌木,沙棘的高度在二米至四米之间[2],枝干粗糙、外皮呈黑色[2],叶披针形[3]。在种下三年后开花[1],雌雄异株,通过风来传播种子[2]

单个果实重量在270至480毫克之间,富含维生素C、E、B12[4]和类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和脂肪酸[5]

共生菌

沙棘的根系十分发达,而且当植株成长至一至两年,其根会开始长出含弗兰克氏菌Frankia,属放线菌门)的固氮共生菌[6][7][8]。因着这层关系,种植有沙棘的土壤都含丰富氮肥。共生菌的固氮活动速率并不固定,会受外间天气或额外氮肥的施与而影响[6][9]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Bernáth, J.; Földesi, D. Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.):: A Promising New Medicinal and Food Crop. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 1992-07-13, 1 (1-2): 27–35 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 1049-6475. doi:10.1300/J044v01n01_04. (原始内容存档于2019-12-16) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Li, Thomas S.C.; Schroeder, W.R. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): A Multipurpose Plant. HortTechnology. 1996-10, 6 (4): 370–380. ISSN 1063-0198. doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.6.4.370. 
  3. ^ Synge, PM. Dictionary of gardening: A practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1974. ISBN 978-0198691068. 
  4. ^ Stobdan, Tsering; Chaurasia, Om Prakash; Korekar, Girish; Yadav, Ashish; Singh, Shashi. Attributes of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) to Meet Nutritional Requirements in High Altitude.. Defence Science Journal. 2010-03-29, 60 (2): 226–230. doi:10.14429/dsj.60.344. [失效链接]
  5. ^ Bal, Lalit M.; Meda, Venkatesh; Naik, S. N.; Satya, Santosh. Sea buckthorn berries: A potential source of valuable nutrients for nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals. Food Research International. Exotic Fruits: their Composition, Nutraceutical and Agroindustrial Potential. 2011-08-01, 44 (7): 1718–1727 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 0963-9969. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.002. (原始内容存档于2016-01-08) (英语). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Stewart, W. D. P.; Pearson, M. C. Nodulation and nitrogen-fixation byHippophaë rhamnoides L. in the field. Plant and Soil. 1967-04-01, 26 (2): 348–360. ISSN 1573-5036. doi:10.1007/BF01880184 (英语). 
  7. ^ Gatner, E. M. S.; Gardner, I. C. Observations on the fine structure of the root nodule endophyte of Hippophaë rhamnoides L.. Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 1970-09-01, 70 (3): 183–196. ISSN 1432-072X. doi:10.1007/BF00407709 (英语). 
  8. ^ Rongsen, L.; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu (Nepal) eng 165171. Seabuckthorn: a multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. 1992. 
  9. ^ Montpetit, D.; Lalonde, M. In vitro propagation and subsequent nodulation of the actinorhizal Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 1988, 15 (3): 189–199. ISSN 0167-6857. doi:10.1007/BF00033643 (英语). 

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