阿萨姆人

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阿萨姆人
身穿阿萨姆传统服饰的青年
总人口
约1530万[1]
分布地区
 印度15,311,351[2]
阿萨姆邦15,095,797[3]
阿鲁纳恰尔邦53,951[4]
梅加拉亚邦39,628[5]
比哈尔邦2,087[6]
北方邦10,356[7]
德里8,573[8]
旁遮普邦4,090[9]
卡纳塔克邦9,871[10]
泰米尔纳德邦2,594[11]
喀拉拉邦5,796[12]
马哈拉施特拉邦12,842[13]
古加拉特邦3,935[14]
拉札斯坦邦2,877[15]
哈里亚纳邦4,204[16]
查谟和克什米尔8,340[17]
那加兰邦17,201[18]
曼尼普尔邦2,453[19]
特里普拉邦2,129[20]
西孟加拉邦7,342[21]
 孟加拉国5,000[22]
语言
阿萨姆语
宗教信仰
印度教（75.52%） · 伊斯兰教（21.34%） · 基督教（2.14%） · 锡克教（1%）[23]
相关族群
博多-卡恰尔人、藏缅民族、 台民族、印度-雅利安人

阿萨姆人（英语：Assamese people），是所有生活在印度阿萨姆邦的居民的统称[24][25]，其中包括壮侗语系民族、南亚语系民族、汉藏语系民族以及印度-雅利安人[26]，以阿萨姆语作为其共同身份认同的根据[27]，亦有自己的文化[28]，故常被视作微型国族[29]。

语言

通用语为阿萨姆语，属印欧语系印度-伊朗语族印度-雅利安语支，与孟加拉语相近。

历史

“阿萨姆人”作为一个国族身份始于公元16世纪。当时阿洪姆王国被孟加拉苏丹国频密进犯，国王苏混发建立此身份以凝聚民心共同抗敌，其后不但成功抗敌，更解放了周边地区[30]。

公元1615年至1671年，莫卧儿帝国频密进犯，阿洪姆王国不但连连取胜，更进一步控制了布拉马普特拉河谷西部地区，甚至还吸引了大量的穆斯林士兵和人才投诚、转而对抗莫卧儿帝国[31]，“阿萨姆人”这个共同身份自此深植民心[32]，而阿萨姆语亦在此时取代阿洪姆语成为王国的通用语[33]。

参见

参考

  1. ^ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
  2. ^ Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and the mother tongues - 2011 (PDF). [3 November 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-14）. 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-18）. 
  4. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）. 
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）. 
  6. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-18）. 
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-10）. 
  8. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-01）. 
  9. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-18）. 
  10. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）. 
  11. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）. 
  12. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）. 
  13. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）. 
  14. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）. 
  15. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-16）. 
  16. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-18）. 
  17. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-28）. 
  18. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-07）. 
  19. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-07）. 
  20. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）. 
  21. ^ 存档副本. [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-25）. 
  22. ^ https://www.timesofindia.com/city/guwahati/assamese-rockstar-in-bangladesh-challenges-caacophony/amp_articleshow/73998341.cms[永久失效链接]
  23. ^ Mission roots brings Assamese Sikhs to Punjab. The Times of India. [2017-09-02]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）. 
  24. ^ Assamese People" definition rocks Assembly, The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 1 April 2015 [15 September 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-26）. 
  25. ^ Meet the Axomiya Sikhs. The Tribune (Chandigarh). 24 March 2013 [2021-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-18）. 
  26. ^ Saikia, Yasmin. Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India. Duke University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0822386162. 
  27. ^ Saikia, Yasmin. Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India. Duke University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0822386162. the group that now identifies as Tai–Ahom were historically seen as Assamese people. However, the term ethnic Assamese is now associated by the Indian government at Delhi with the Assamese speaking Indo-Aryan group (comprising both Hindus and Muslims) of Assam. 
  28. ^ "As a socio-ethnic linguistic community, Assamese culture evolved through many centuries in a melting pot syndrome." （Deka 2005，p.190）
  29. ^ " Assamese micro-nationalism began in the middle of the nineteenth century as an assertion of the autonomy and distinctiveness of Assamese language and culture against the British colonial view of Assam as a periphery of Bengal." （Baruah 1994，p.654）
  30. ^ "The idea of a composite Assamese or Asomiya 'jati' or nationality took shape during the later part of the Ahom rule. This process had started during the first Muslim invasion from neighbouring Bengal in the 16th century when the people were brought under an Ahom or Assamese banner against the common enemy. Not only were the Ahom successful in repelling the Muslim invasions, but by the 1530s the Ahoms had freed the greater part of Kamrup and Kamata from Muslim occupation and "extended their dominion right up to the Karatoya in Murshidabad in the west and almost to close proximity of Dacc". （Misra 1999，p.1264）
  31. ^ "The Ahom rulers gave positions of power and eminence to the Assamese Muslims and the latter took active part in resisting successive Mughal attempts to overrun the region. The assimilation of this segment of Muslims into Assamese society was so complete that the historians who accompanied the Mughal expeditions into Assam noted that they were more Assamese than Muslim." （Misra 1999，p.1264）
  32. ^ "During the rule of the Ahom monarch, Pratap Singha (1603-41) consolidation of the Assamese community was further sped up because of the common fight against Mughal incursions and encroachment on Assam territory. The Ahom victory over the Mughals in early 1616 was followed by the defeat of the Mughal army led by Ram Singh in the Battle of Saraighat in March 1671" （Misra 1999，p.1264）
  33. ^ "Incidentally, literate Ahoms retained the Tai language and script well until the end of the 17th century. In that century of Ahom-Mughal conflicts, this language first coexisted with and then was progressively replaced by Assamese (Asamiya) at and outside the Court." （Guha 1983，p.9）
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