儿童期言语失用症
儿童期言语失用症，也被称为发展性言语失用症，是指当儿童在发语音、音节和文字时出现困难。此种困难并非肇因于肌肉无力或麻痹，而是大脑在计画说话所需的身体部位（例如，嘴唇、下巴、舌头）时，出现困难。儿童知道他们想说什么，但是他们的大脑在协调说话所需的肌肉动作时，出现问题造成此种疾病的确切原因是未知的部分观察指出，基因遗传为导致儿童期言语失用症的原因，因为许多患者都具有沟通障碍的家族病史。儿童期言语失用症无法被治愈，但是透过适当且密集的介入，患有此种运动言语障碍的人，可以获得显着的进步。
特征
"Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurological childhood (pediatric) speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits (e.g., abnormal reflexes, abnormal tone). CAS may occur as a result of known neurological impairment, in association with complex neurobehavioral disorders of known or unknown origin, or as an idiopathic neurogenic speech sound disorder. The core impairment in planning and/or programming spatiotemporal parameters of movement sequences results in errors in speech sound production and prosody." American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Ad Hoc Committee on Apraxia of Speech in Children (2007)[1]
“儿童期言语失用症是种小儿神经性的言语-语音障碍，是指在没有神经肌肉缺损(例如异常的反射、异常的张力)的前提下，其说话时基本动作的精准度及一致性受到损伤。已知的神经性疾病、已知或未知的复杂神经行为障碍，或是原发性的神经性言语-语音障碍，皆可能导致儿童期言语失用症。其核心损伤主要出现在计画动作序列之时间与空间向度上，导致在发音时，语音和语韵的错误。”美国听语学会（2007）
参考文献
- ^ Dauer K, Irwin S, Schippits S. Becoming Verbal and Intelligible: A Functional Motor Programming Approach for Children with Developmental Verbal Apraxia. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0761631729.