外瓶霉属
外瓶霉属![]() | |
---|---|
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
门: | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota |
纲: | 散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes |
目: | 刺盾炱目 Chaetothyriales |
科: | 小疱毛壳科 Herpotrichiellaceae |
属: | 外瓶霉属 Exophiala J. W. Carmichael. (1966) |
模式种 | |
鲑鱼外瓶霉 Exophiala salmonis J.W. Carmichael. (1966)
| |
异名[1] | |
|
外瓶霉属(学名:Exophiala)是一属无性的(anamorphic)真菌,属于Herpotrichiellaceae科,是一种在自然界呈一定的地域性分布的条件性致病菌[2][3],亦是在鱼类上出现的广义的黑色真菌症[4]及人类皮肤出现的皮下黑色真菌症[5]的病原体。
外瓶霉属于1966年由J.W. Carmichael确定[6],当时被归类为半知菌亚门;腐生,可引起腹膜炎(Deuteromycetes)[7]。
分类
现时被归类为外瓶霉属的有28个品种[8]:
- 嗜堿性外瓶霉 Exophiala alcalophila [9]
- Exophiala angulospora Iwatsu, Udagawa & T. Takase 1991
- Exophiala atacamensis Madrid, Gené, Quijada, Cantillo & R. Gacitúa 2023
- Exophiala caementiphila Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano-Lira 2024
- Exophiala calicioides (Fr.) G. Okada & Seifert 2000
- Exophiala castellanii Iwatsu, Nishim. & Miyaji 1984
- Exophiala chapopotensis Ide-Pérez, Sánchez-Reyes, Folch-Mallol & Sánchez-Carbente 2024[10]
- Exophiala dehoogii Torres-Garcia, Gené & Dania García 2023
- 皮炎外瓶霉 Exophiala dermatitidis [9]::会分泌黑色分泌物[11],可引起暗色丝孢霉病[9]、皮下黑色真菌症和著色芽生霉菌症[5]
- 多匹可乐外瓶霉 Exophiala dopicola [9]
- Exophiala exophialae
- Exophiala heteromorpha
- 甄氏外瓶霉 Exophiala jeanselmei [9]:可引起一种名为maduromycosis的Eumycetoma[7],This is usually an asymtomatic disease which presents with black or brown macular lesions which enlarge by peripheral extension. The lesion is darkest at the periphery and very distinct margins. Lab diagnosis- using a KOH mount. Typically seen is brown septate branching hyphae or dark brown budding cells. Treatment is topical antifungal: miconazole or econazole;亦可引起暗色丝孢霉病[9]和皮下黑色真菌症[5];
- Exophiala lecanii-corni
- Exophiala mansonii
- Exophiala mesophila
- 丛梗孢外瓶霉 Exophiala moniliae [2];
- Exophiala negronii
- Exophiala phaeomuriformis
- 嗜鱼外瓶霉 Exophiala pisciphila :见于鱼类的黑色真菌[4];
- 假寡孢外瓶霉 Exophiala pseudooligosperma Z.F. Yu & X.Q. Yang
- Exophiala psychrophila O.A.Pedersen & Langvad, 1989
- 鲑鱼外瓶霉 Exophiala salmonis :模式种,见于鱼类的黑色真菌[4];
- 棘状外瓶霉 Exophiala spinifera :会引起著色芽生霉菌症[5]
- 威尼克外瓶霉 Exophiala werneckii [2]:黑癣的病原体。部份文献把这种霉与 Hortaea werneckii、Cladosporium werneckii及Phaeoannellomyces werneckii等同[12]。
参考资料
- ^ Exophiala J.W. Carmichael. 1966. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [2011-06-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-10).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 李东明 李若瑜 王端礼 王晓红 万哲 马圣清. 致病性外瓶霉的PCR-RFLP分类. 2010 [2010-10-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-06) (中文(简体)).
- ^ 王端礼,李若瑜,王爱平,等. 致病性着色真菌生态学研究. 中华皮肤科杂志. 1994, 27 (4): 229~230.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 真菌の分類 [真菌的分类]. おさかなマガジン. [2010-10-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-06) (日语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 王修含. 【口訣】可產生黑色素的黴菌-黑色黴菌(dematiaceous fungi). 2009-09-23 [2010-10-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-06) (中文(繁体)).
- ^ Carmichael JW. Cerebral mycetoma of trout due to a Phialophora-like fungus. Sabouraudia. 1966, 5 (1): 120–3. PMID 6010250.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 医学主题词表(MeSH):Exophiala
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 2008: 251. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 暗色絲孢霉病. [2010-10-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04).
- ^ Exophiala chapopotensis sp. nov., an extremotolerant black yeast from an oil-polluted soil in Mexico; phylophenetic approach to species hypothesis in the Herpotrichiellaceae family. PLOS ONE. [2024-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-17).
- ^ 黑色霉菌入腦可致命. 苹果日报. 2010-10-26 [2010-10-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-10-28) (中文(繁体)).
- ^ Mycology Online -- Phaeoannellomyces. (原始内容存档于2008-12-05).
参看
- 真菌分类表#刺盾炱纲_(Chaetothyriomycetes):有关刺盾炱纲 (Chaetothyriomycetes)在真菌的分类
外部链接
- 外瓶霉属在Index Fungorum中的资讯
|
- ^ C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell,. Introductory Mycology 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ. 2004. ISBN 0-471-52229-5.
- ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. Outline of Ascomycota – 2007. Myconet (The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA). December 2007, 13: 1–58. (原始内容存档于2009-03-18).