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尼姆尔·尼姆尔

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维基百科,自由的百科全书
尼姆尔·巴克尔·尼姆尔
  • نمر باقر النمر
  • نمر باقر آل نمر
头衔谢赫
个人资料
出生1959年6月21日
逝世2016年1月2日(2016岁—01—02)(56岁)
宗教信仰伊斯兰教[1]
国籍沙地阿拉伯
学校什叶派十二伊玛目派
教派穆罕默德·侯赛尼·设拉子
穆罕默德·塔基英语Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi[1]
母校伊朗库姆神学院叙利亚[1]
高级职位
网站www.sknemer.com

尼姆尔·巴克尔·尼姆尔(阿拉伯语:نمر باقر النمر[1];1959年6月21日—2016年1月2日),通常被称为谢赫尼姆尔,曾是一名于沙地阿拉伯东部省阿瓦米亚市英语Al-Awamiyah伊斯兰教什叶派谢赫[2]。他批评沙地阿拉伯政府英语Politics of Saudi Arabia[1],受年轻人支持[1][3],向政府要求在沙地阿拉伯举行自由选举英语elections in Saudi Arabia[4]。他声称在2006年被捕期间被沙地秘密警察英语Mabahith殴打[1]。2009年,他批评沙地政府,并建议如果不改善被歧视的沙地什叶派教徒英语Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia的待遇[5][2],东部省便应该独立[6]。此导致政府对他发出通辑令,最后他和另外35人被拘捕[5][7]。在2011-2012年沙地阿拉伯抗议英语2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests期间,尼姆尔呼吁示威者以“语言的轰鸣”而不用暴力抵抗警察[8][9],以及预测如果政府的打压持续,沙地的机关将会被推翻[10]。因此,他被《卫报》视为“在起义中持领导角色”[3]

2012年7月8日尼姆尔在被警察形容为“交火”后腿部中枪被捕[11][12]。数千人因此有数次的示威[12][13],而其中两人Akbar al-Shakhouri和Mohamed al-Felfel被警察的枪火击毙[14]。尼姆尔开始绝食,身上有被施以酷刑后的痕迹[14][15][16]。Asharq人权中心在8月21日对尼姆尔在绝食期间的健康表示关注,呼吁国际的支持及要求允许家人、律师及人权活动人士见尼姆尔[17]

2014年10月15日,尼姆尔被特别刑事法庭英语Specialized Criminal Court因“寻求‘外国干涉’沙地阿拉伯、‘不服从’领导人及武装对付安全部队”被处死[18],而他的兄弟穆罕默德·尼姆尔由于在当天于Twitter发布关于该死刑的资讯被捕[18][19]。尼姆尔·巴克尔·尼姆尔在2016年1月2日前不久和另外46人一同被处决[20]。他的处决在中东被什叶派信徒以及什叶派国家伊朗谴责,此外亦被反对宗派主义的逊尼派信徒和西方人物谴责。沙地阿拉伯政府并无把他的遗体归还予家属,指机关已把所有尸体埋葬。

处死

2016年1月2日,沙地阿拉伯内政部宣布当天被处决的47人中有尼姆尔[20][21]

街头示威

在行刑后已有数次示威。在沙地阿拉伯东部省中的盖提夫地区,人们由尼姆尔家乡al-Awamiyah英语al-Awamiyah游行至盖提夫,高叫“打倒沙地(王朝)”口号[22]。1月2日在处决同一天,示威者在伊朗首都德黑兰的沙地阿拉伯大使馆聚集,其中一人对使馆投掷自制燃烧弹后著火,示威在当地清晨3时后仍然继续[23]。伊朗警察以袭击大使馆为由拘捕当中40名示威者[24][25][26]

数百人在巴林首都麦纳玛举行示威[27]。带著谢赫尼姆尔的画像的示威者于巴林村落Abu-Saiba英语Abu-Saiba与警察发生冲突[28]。另外数百人于巴林al-Daih英语al-DaihSitra英语Sitra游行,高叫反对沙地阿拉伯统治沙特王朝家族和巴林统治逊尼派家族的标语,并叫尼姆尔“我们的烈士”[29]

数百名群众闯入仍未工式开启的沙地阿拉伯驻伊拉克大使馆[30],媒体亦公开了一段沙地阿拉伯巴格达伊馆被火箭炮攻击的片段[31]

群众在印度查谟-克什米尔邦首府斯利那加高举反沙地横额示威。示威者游行往联合国办公室,被警察截停。类似的示威于卡基尔县亦有举行,宗教团体呼吁举行为期3日的哀悼[32]

2016年1月5日,印度拉达克有来自列城卡尔吉尔佛教基督教伊斯兰教(逊尼及什叶派)团体举行了烛光集会,表示对人权活动的支持及反对处决尼姆尔[33]

其它一些地方也发生了和平示威,如伊朗圣地库姆马什哈德黎巴嫩巴基斯坦土耳其

宗教及政治人物之反应

有关各方
  •  沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 谢赫尼姆尔的兄弟穆罕默德·尼姆尔指出,处决执行后,在沙地境内的民主运动只会更大[34]。他形容他兄弟为“谦卑、宗教且生活简朴的人,这使他对很多年轻人而言有吸引力”,还说处决尼姆尔“会引发(什叶派)青年的愤怒”,但指他希望所有反应行动都和平进行[35]
    • 沙地阿拉伯认为伊朗在处决执行后发表了“敌对”言论,于是传召伊朗驻利雅得大使[36]
    • 沙地阿拉伯以驻伊朗大使馆被抗议处决的示威者闯入并纵火为由,与伊朗断交[37]
跨国家机构
其他国家
非政府组织
  • 人权观察指处决是“继续玷污沙地阿拉伯不良的人权纪录”。该组织中东主任莎拉·莉娅·惠特森英语Sarah Leah Whitson指尼姆尔是在不公平审讯中被定罪,且处决他“只会增加现时的教派不和及动荡”[35],还称“沙地阿拉伯东部省走向稳定的道路在于结束对什叶派公民的歧视,而并非处决”[36]
  • 国际特赦组织指对谢赫尼姆尔的审讯是政治审讯,十分不公平,而且处决只是用于完成政治目的[73][74]

参见

参考资料

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外部链接