查德威克氏征象

查德威克氏征象是怀孕的早期医学征象之一，是指因血流（英语：Blood flow）量增加而产生静脉血液滞留，使阴道、阴唇及子宫颈呈蓝紫色的情形，是怀孕时孕妇的生理变化（英语：Maternal physiological changes in_pregnancy）之一。最早会在孕龄八至十二周出现，是怀孕的早期医学征象，不过很少在孕龄七周时出现^[1]

查德威克氏征象最早是在1836年由法国医生艾蒂安·约瑟夫·雅克曼（Étienne Joseph Jacquemin，1796-1872）发现^[2] ，此征象得名自美国妇产科医生詹姆斯·瑞德·查德威克（英语：James Read Chadwick），他在一篇论文中提及此征象，认为雅克曼是第一个发现此征象的人，查德威克在1886年在美国妇产科学会前读了此论文，并在第二年出版^[2]^[3]。

参考资料

^ Bastian, Lori A. Is This Patient Pregnant?: Can You Reliably Rule In or Rule Out Early Pregnancy by Clinical Examination?. JAMA. 1997-08-20, 278 (7): 586. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550070078042 （英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Gleichert, James E. Étienne Joseph Jacquemin, Discoverer of 'Chadwick's Sign'. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1971, 26 (1): 75–80. PMID 4925842. doi:10.1093/jhmas/XXVI.1.75.
^ Chadwick, James Reed. The value of the bluish discoloration of the vaginal entrance as a sign of pregnancy. Transactions of the American Gynecological Society. 1887, (11): 399–418.

[1] Bastian, Lori A. Is This Patient Pregnant?: Can You Reliably Rule In or Rule Out Early Pregnancy by Clinical Examination?. JAMA. 1997-08-20, 278 (7): 586. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550070078042 （英语）.

[pmid4925842-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Gleichert, James E. Étienne Joseph Jacquemin, Discoverer of 'Chadwick's Sign'. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1971, 26 (1): 75–80. PMID 4925842. doi:10.1093/jhmas/XXVI.1.75.

[3] Chadwick, James Reed. The value of the bluish discoloration of the vaginal entrance as a sign of pregnancy. Transactions of the American Gynecological Society. 1887, (11): 399–418.

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