犀鸟目 (学名 :Bucerotiformes )是鸟纲下的一个目,包括犀鸟 、地犀鸟 、戴胜 及林戴胜 等物种。[ 1]
系统发生学
在过去,本目下的两种主要鸟类——戴胜及犀鸟皆为佛法僧目 下的科。[ 2] 但自2000年代左右起,不少研究开始发现其关系与翠鸟 等佛法僧鸟类关系较远,并因此建议将其自佛法僧目中独立。[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] 但该两种鸟类分出后,一度被视为两个目,即戴胜目(Upupiformes )及犀鸟目,到了2008年的研究才将这两个目合并为现在的犀鸟目。[ 1] [ 6] [ 7]
有研究提议犀鸟科 中的噪犀鸟属 与地犀鸟科 关系较近并认为应该前者归于后者之下;这演化支代表早期的非洲世系,而其他则代表亚洲世系。[ 8]
佛法僧总目
鼠鸟目 Coliiformes
穴鸟类
鹃𫁡目 Leptosomatiformes
真穴鸟类
咬鹃目 Trogoniformes
䴕翠鸟类
Picocoraciae
Eucavitaves
Cavitaves
Coraciimorphae
本目现在下属两个亚目,分别是以戴胜为主的戴胜亚目 (Upupi )及以犀鸟为主的犀鸟亚目 (Buceroti )。[ 9] [ 10] 以下是根据2013年及2019年资料绘制的支序图 :[ 11]
形态学
犀鸟与戴胜耳柱骨 形状相差甚远,其中前者有直棒状的轴,而后者形状则类似于铁锤。[ 10] [ 12]
下属分类
绿林戴胜 Phoeniculus purpureus
戴胜 ,分布极广泛的一种本目物种
双角犀鸟 ,其巨大如犀牛般的啄部是犀鸟科鸟类的特征
马来犀鸟
目前犀鸟目下划分为两个亚目,而根据世界鸟类学家联合会 之名录,其下现有4科19属。[ 1] [ 9] 并还有两科的化石物种被归于其下。[ 13] [ 14]
戴胜亚目 Upupi
戴胜科 Upupidae
林戴胜科 Phoeniculidae
犀鸟亚目 Buceroti
地犀鸟科 Bucorvidae
犀鸟科 Bucerotidae
† Laurillardiidae
† 买撒里丝鸟科 Messelirrisoridae
参考资料
^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 International Ornithologists' Union . Gill, Frank ; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 14.1 . [2023-12-20 ] (英语) .
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