甲基肼
甲基肼 | |
---|---|
![]() | |
![]() | |
IUPAC名 Methylhydrazine[1] | |
别名 | 甲基二氮烷 MMH |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 60-34-4 ![]() |
PubChem | 6061 |
ChemSpider | 5837 |
SMILES |
|
Beilstein | 635645 |
UN编号 | 1244 |
EINECS | 200-471-4 |
RTECS | MV5600000 |
MeSH | Monomethylhydrazine |
性质 | |
化学式 | CH6N2 |
摩尔质量 | 46.07 g·mol−1 |
外观 | 发烟的无色液体 |
气味 | 氨,鱼腥味 |
密度 | 875 mg·mL−1 (at 20 °C) |
熔点 | -52 °C(221 K) |
沸点 | 88 °C(360.65 K) |
溶解性(水) | 混溶[2] |
log P | −1.318 |
蒸气压 | 5.00 kPa (at 20 °C) |
折光度n D |
1.4325 |
热力学 | |
ΔfHm⦵298K | 54.14 kJ·mol−1 |
ΔcHm⦵ | −1305.8 – −1304.6 kJ·mol−1 |
S⦵298K | 165.94 J·K−1·mol−1 |
热容 | 134.93 J·K−1·mol−1 |
危险性 | |
GHS危险性符号![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
GHS提示词 | DANGER |
H-术语 | H225, H300, H311, H314, H330, H351, H411 |
P-术语 | P210, P260, P273, P280, P284 |
NFPA 704 | |
爆炸极限 | 2.5–92%[2] |
PEL | C 0.2 ppm (0.35 mg·m−3) [skin][2] |
致死量或浓度: | |
LD50(中位剂量)
|
32 mg·kg−1 (oral, rat) |
LC50(中位浓度)
|
34 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 74 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 162 ppm (monkey, 1 hr) 195 ppm (dog, 30 min) 145 ppm (monkey, 30 min) 272 ppm (mouse, 30 min) 427 ppm (rat, 30 min) 56 ppm (mouse, 4 hr) 143 ppm (hamster, 4 hr)[3] |
相关物质 | |
相关化学品 | 甲胺 乙胺 乙二胺 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
甲基肼(英语:Monomethylhydrazine,简称MMH),是一种致命的挥发性肼类,化学式为CH3NHNH2。它可用作液体火箭发动机的火箭推进剂。
甲基肼被认为是鹿花菌属,尤其是鹿花菌的毒性来源。这些甲基肼是由鹿花菌素的水解而成的。[4]
甲基肼被认为是一种可能的职业致癌物,[5]并且将甲基肼的职业暴露限制设定在保护水平以考虑可能的致癌性。[6]
参考资料
- ^ Monomethylhydrazine - Compound Summary. PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Identification and Related Records. 26 March 2005 [2 May 2012].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0419. NIOSH.
- ^ Methylhydrazine. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Pyysalo, H. Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta. Naturwissenschaften. 1975, 62 (8): 395. Bibcode:1975NW.....62..395P. PMID 1238907. S2CID 178876. doi:10.1007/BF00625355.
- ^ Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs) (报告). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [2021-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-24).
- ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (报告). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [2021-07-23]. NPGD #0419. (原始内容存档于2021-12-18).
|