矽藻
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矽藻纲![]() 化石时期:
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《自然界的艺术形态》 (1904), 图版 4: Diatomeae | |
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《自然界的艺术形态》 (1904), 图版 84: Diatomeae | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 色藻界 Chromista |
门: | 淡色藻门 Ochrophyta |
亚门: | Khakista亚门 Khakista |
纲: | 硅藻纲 Bacillariophyceae |
目 | |
“矽藻”的各地常用名称 | |
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中国大陆 | 硅藻 |
台湾 | 矽藻 |
硅藻纲(学名:Bacillariophyceae)是真核藻类的一个主要类群,同时也是最常见的一种浮游藻类,其下任一种可泛称为硅藻(diatom)或矽藻。硅藻纲成员多数为单细胞生物,尽管有些种类可以丝状或带状群体(如Fragilaria)、扇状群体(如Meridion)、锯齿状群体(如Tabellaria)以及星形群体(如Asterionella)形式存在。
硅藻在食物链中属于生产者。硅藻的一个主要特点是硅藻细胞外覆硅质(主要是二氧化硅)的细胞壁,即矽藻壳。硅质细胞壁纹理和形态各异,但多呈对称排列。这种排列方式可作为分类命名的依据。但是这种对称并不是完全的对称,因为硅藻细胞壁的一侧比另一侧略大一点,这样才能嵌合在一起。化石遗迹显示,硅藻最早起源于早白垩纪时期。仅中心硅藻类的雄配子具鞭毛,可以游动。硅藻一直以来是一种重要的环境监测指示物种,常被用于水质研究。分类上归为一纲,辖下有中心矽藻目及羽纹矽藻目。此外也是近海的优势类群。
载色体中有叶绿素a和叶绿素c,α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素,叶黄素类中主要含有墨角藻黄素,其次是硅藻黄素和硅甲黄素,由于墨角藻黄素和其他色素所占比例比叶绿素大,使载色体呈现橙黄色或黄褐色;细胞壁都是由果胶和二氧化硅组成的,没有纤维素,质地坚硬,硅质细胞壁上有呈辐射对称或左右对称排列的花纹。具有上下半壳套合而成的壳体。硅藻营养体中没有游动细胞,仅精子具鞭毛,电子显微镜下观察是茸鞭型,轴丝是9条,没有中央轴丝,这种构造是硅藻独有的。[2]
概说
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20110123_185042_Diatom.jpg/255px-20110123_185042_Diatom.jpg)
矽藻纲有超过200个现存的属,估计有接近十万个现存物种[3][4][5][6]。矽藻的分布广泛,不管是海洋、淡水、汽水、泥土及潮湿的表面上均可发现。大部分生活在开阔的远洋水域,当然也有的像膜一样生活在海底砂砾上,更有能在仅仅是潮湿的大气中存活的种类。硅藻在海洋中尤为重要,海洋中总初级生产力的45%由硅藻提供。[7]海洋浮游植物的水平分布和垂直分布都受到限制。[8][9]但显微观察到,硅藻的一些种甚至会布在2公里的高空。
硅藻属于不等长鞭毛类这一大类群,这一大类群既有自养生物(如金藻、巨藻)又有异养生物(如水霉)。黄棕色叶绿体是不等长鞭毛类的一个特征,这种叶绿体有四层膜,含有类胡萝卜素、墨角藻黄素。硅藻个体通常无鞭毛,但其雄配子具不等长鞭毛,同时与其他类群相比其鞭毛缺乏茸毛。
大部分硅藻是不游动的,有的通过鞭毛移动。也有的观点认为有些羽纹硅藻有自发的运动,而这可能是原生质环流所致。[2]因为硅藻的细胞壁相对致密而容易沉降,在开阔水域浮游种类通常依靠湍流混合层的上部的风以保持悬浮在阳光充足的水面。有些种还会主动调节细胞内的脂质来改变自身浮力以阻止下沉。
硅藻的一大特点是具有尿素循环,这暗示它们在进化上与动物有关。这是艾伦、鲍勒所领导的团队于2011年发现的。他们的这一发现意义非凡,因为之前尿素循环被认为起源于在硅藻几百万年后才出现的后生动物上。他们的研究表明,虽然硅藻和动物的尿素循环目的不同,但它们相同的方式却显示了动物和植物进化的相关性。[10]
硅藻的硅质细胞壁(矽藻壳)由两个独立的半片(壳面)组成。细胞壁生物硅是在胞内由硅酸单体聚合而成,然后再挤压到细胞外添加到细胞壁上。硅藻细胞壁的两个壳面通常像培养皿的底和盖一样套合在一起。在多数种中,当一个硅藻分裂产生两个子细胞,每个子细胞将保留其中的一个壳面,再长出一个套在里面的较小的另一个壳面。因此每个分裂周期后,硅藻种群的平均尺寸将变小。这样细胞尺寸一旦达到了最小,就不再简单地分裂,而是以产生复大孢子的方式恢复其大小。这样会产生一个大得多的细胞,然后再像原来一样越分裂越小。复大孢子的产生几乎总是伴随着减数分裂和有性生殖。
硅藻的死亡和分解产生了有机和无机硅酸盐沉淀物。因为无机物在黏土和淤泥沉积中,会形成了一个永久性的海相地层地质记录,所以可以通过挖掘海底或海湾淤泥,研究其中无机成分来分析过去的海洋环境。(参见矽质软泥)
硅藻的研究是藻类学一个分支,而专攻硅藻方面的藻类学家被称为硅藻学家(英文:diatomists)。
分类
不等鞭毛类物种的分类至今仍然有争议,不同的分类把物种归等为门级、界级或两者之间。因此,矽藻类物种其实可以根据其父系分类单元而被置放于不同的位置上,并相对调整其子系分类单元。本条目使其定位于纲级。
传统上,矽藻纲物种分为以下两个目:
前者是后者的并系群。
较近期的分类[4]把矽藻分为三个基本分类,也有再细分为更多细目的[11]。这分别主要是由于羽纹矽藻类之间的分别,主要在于有没有壳缝,即瓣膜的緃向槽[12]。
中心矽藻纲/中心矽藻目(Coscinodiscophyceae)或中心矽藻亚纲(Coscinodiscophycidae) Round & R.M.Crawford
- Anaulales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Arachnoidiscales Round
- Asterolamprales Round
- Aulacoseirales R.M.Crawford
- 中心硅藻目 Coscinodiscophyceae
- Chaetocerotales Round & R.M.Crawfor
- 金盘藻目 Chrysanthemodiscales Round
- Corethrales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Coscinodiscales Round
- 波纹藻目 Cymatosirales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Desmomastigales
- Ethmodiscales Round
- Hemiaulales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Leptocylindrales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Lithodesmiales
- Melosirales R.M.Crawford
- 正盘藻目 Orthoseirales R.M.Crawford
- Paraliales R.M.Crawford
- Rhizosoleniales
- Stictocyclales Round
- Stictodiscales Round & R.M.Crawford
- 海链藻目 Thalassiosirales
- 角藻目 Triceratiales Round & R.M.Crawford
无壳缝纲(Fragilariophyceae)或无壳缝亚纲(Fragilariophycidae)F.E.Round:无壳缝的羽纹矽藻(araphids)
- Ardissoneales F.E.Round
- 梯楔藻目 Climacospheniales Round
- Cyclophorales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Fragilariales P.C.Silva
- Licmophorales Round
- Protoraphidales Round
- Rhabdonematales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Rhaphoneidales Round
- Striatellales F.E.Round
- Tabellariales Round
- Thalassionematales Round
- Toxariales Round
有壳缝纲(Bacillariophyceae)或有壳缝亚纲(Bacillariophycidae) D.G.Mann:有壳缝的羽纹矽藻(raphids)
- 曲壳藻目 Achnanthales P.C.Silva
- 棍形藻目 Bacillariales Hendey
- Cymbellales D.G.Mann
- Dictyoneidales D.G.Mann
- 短缝藻目 Eunotiales P.C.Silva
- Lyrellales D.G.Mann
- Mastogloiales D.G.Mann
- 舟形藻目 Naviculales Bessey
- Rhopalodiales D.G.Mann
- 双菱藻目 Surirellales D.G.Mann
- 锥藻目 Thalassiophysales D.G.Mann
- 在GBIF上,硅藻纲有以下目:
- 曲壳藻目 Achnanthales
- Anaulales
- Arachnoidiscales
- Ardissoneales
- Asterolamprales
- Aulacoseirales
- Bacillariales
- Biddulphiales
- Centrales
- Chaetocerales
- Chaetocerotales
- Chrysanthemodiscales
- 梯楔藻目 Climacospheniales Round
- 梯楔藻科 Climacospheniaceae
- Corethrales
- Coscinodiscales
- Cyclophorales
- Cyclophoraceae
- Entopylaceae
- Entopyla C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- 弓桥藻属 Gephyria G.A.W.Arnott, 1858
- Gephyria castracanei Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1892
- Gephyria constricta
- Gephyria dyerana O'Meara, 1877
- Gephyria gigantea
- Gephyria harveyi O'Meara, 1866
- Gephyria incurvata
- 日本弓桥藻 Gephyria japonica Wolle, 1890
- 中间弓桥藻 Gephyria media Arnott, 1860
- Gephyria parodii Frenguelli, 1941
- Gephyria rinnboeckii (Pantocsek) Forti, 1912
- Gephyria rodriguezi Azpeitia, 1911
- Gephyria telfairiae Walker-Arnott, 1858
- 波纹藻目 Cymatosirales
- Cymbellales
- Anomoeoneidaceae
- Cymbellaceae
- Gomphonemataceae
- 弯楔藻科 Rhoicospheniaceae
- Campylopyxis L.K.Medlin, 1985
- Chelonicola Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver
- Cuneolus M.H.Giffen, 1970
- Epiphalaina R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Gomphonemopsis L.Medlin, 1986
- Gomphoseptatum L.Medlin, 1986
- Gomphosphenia H.Lange-Bertalot, 1995
- Poulinea Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver
- 弯楔藻属 Rhoicosphenia A.Grunow, 1860
- Rhoicosphenula Lange-Bert., Kociolek, A.A.Saber & Cantonati, 2021
- Tripterion R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Tursiocola R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Dictyoneidales
- Ethmodiscales
- 短缝藻目 Eunotiales
- Fragilariales
- Hemiaulales
- Leptocylindrales
- Licmophorales
- Lithodesmiales
- Lyrellales
- 胸隔藻目 Mastogloiales
- Melosirales
- 舟形藻目 Naviculales
- Orthoseirales
- Paraliales
- Protoraphidales
- 杆线藻目 Rhabdonematales
- Grammatophoraceae
- 杆线藻科 Rhabdonemataceae
- Rhaphoneidales
- Asterionellopsidaceae
- 缝舟藻目 Rhaponeidales
- Psammodiscaceae
- 缝舟藻科 Rhaphoneidaceae
- Asterionellopsis
- 具槽藻属 Delphineis G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis abbottii E.Fourtanier, 1987
- Delphineis andrewsii Hendey, 1981
- 狭窄具槽藻 Delphineis angustata (Pantocsek Andrews,1977)
- Delphineis kamenooensis Yanagisawa, 1994
- Delphineis kippae Sancetta, 1982
- Delphineis lineata G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis livingstonii Prasad, 1986
- Delphineis lohmanii Hendey, 1981
- Delphineis ovata Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis penelliptica G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis sheshukovae Akiba, 1985
- 双菱具槽藻 Delphineis surirella (Ehr. Andrews G. W.,1980)
- Delphineis tiltilensis (Frenguelli) Sar & Sala, 2009
- Delphineis urbinai Gariboldi, 2016
- Diplomenora K.Blazé, 1984
- Drewsandria P.A.Sims & R.Ross, 1996
- Meloneis I.Louvrou, D.B.Danielidis & A.Economou-Amilli, 2013
- 新具槽藻属 Neodelphineis H.Takano, 1982
- 大洋新具槽藻 Neodelphineis pelagica Takano, 1982
- Neodelphineis silenda (Hohn & Hellerman, 1966) Desianti & Potapova, 2015
- Neodetonia S.Blanco, 2011
- Perissonoë G.W.Andrews & V.A.Stoelzel, 1984
- 十字奇异藻 Perissonoë cruciata (Janisch et Rabenhorst) Andrews et Stoelzel, 1982
- Perissonoë pentagona Desikachary, Gowthaman, Hema, Prasaed & Prema, 1987
- Perissonoë trigona (Grunow) Andrews & Stoelzel, 1984
- 缝舟藻属 Rhaphoneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis adamantea Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis affinis Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis africana Ehrenberg, 1854
- 双角缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis amphiceros (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis angularis Lohman, 1938
- Rhaphoneis angulata Fenner, 1976
- Rhaphoneis angusta Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis angustata Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis archeri O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis asiatica Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis atlantica Andrews, 1989
- Rhaphoneis australis H.L.Smith, 1878
- Rhaphoneis belgica Grunow, 1881
- Rhaphoneis bergonil H.Peragallo
- Rhaphoneis bicuneata Grunow, 1879
- Rhaphoneis bilineata Grunow & Cleve
- Rhaphoneis biseriata Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis boryana Pantocsek, 1889
- Rhaphoneis caballeroi Azpeitia y Moros, 1911
- Rhaphoneis capensis A.Schmidt, 1894
- Rhaphoneis capensis Alferov, 1932
- Rhaphoneis capitata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis carolinica Andrews, 1979
- 卡氏缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis castracanii Grunow, 1881
- Rhaphoneis clavata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis cocconeides Schrader, 1973
- Rhaphoneis cocconeis Ehrenberg, 1870
- 发状缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis crinigera Takano, 1983
- Rhaphoneis crozierii Bailey, 1924
- Rhaphoneis debyi Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis delicatula Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis delicatus Loseva, 1983
- Rhaphoneis diamantella Andrews, 1976
- Rhaphoneis digitus Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis discoides Subrahmanyan, 1946
- Rhaphoneis dissita Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis dubia Grunow, 1867
- Rhaphoneis elegantula Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Jousé, 1951
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis entomon Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis fasciata Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis fasciolata Janisch & Rabenhorst, 1862
- Rhaphoneis fatula Lohman, 1938
- Rhaphoneis fluminensis Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis foliacea Ehrenberg, 1849
- Rhaphoneis fragilaroidea Patrick, 1944
- Rhaphoneis fuchsii Pantocsek, 1889
- Rhaphoneis fusiformis Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis fusus Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis gangetica Ehrenberg, 1892
- Rhaphoneis gemmifera Ehrenberg
- Rhaphoneis granulata Patrick, 1944
- Rhaphoneis gratiosa Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis grossepunctata Hustedt, 1955
- Rhaphoneis hachiroensis
- Rhaphoneis hauckii Grunow, 1879
- Rhaphoneis hungarica Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis immunis Andrews, 1976
- Rhaphoneis immunis Lohman, 1948
- Rhaphoneis indica Ehrenberg, 1845
- Rhaphoneis inflata Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis intermedia Hajós, 1973
- Rhaphoneis itaparicana Zimmermann, 1918
- 日本缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis japonica Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis jonesii O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis kinkerii Pantocsek, 1892
- Rhaphoneis kronowetterii Ehrenberg, 1862
- Rhaphoneis krusadiensis Desikachary & Sridharan, 1989
- Rhaphoneis laevigata Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis laevis Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis lanceolata Ehrenberg, 1845
- 矛状缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis lancettula Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis lepta Schrader, 1969
- Rhaphoneis liburnica Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis linearis Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis linearis Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis lorenziana Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis luciana Cholnoky, 1968
- Rhaphoneis lumen Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis lusitanica Rabenhorst, 1864
- Rhaphoneis maculata Cleve, 1883
- Rhaphoneis magnapunctata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis mammalis Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis margaritalimbata Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis margaritata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis marginulata Cleve, 1883
- Rhaphoneis mascarenae Giffen, 1980
- Rhaphoneis mediopunctata Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis mediterranea Grunow
- Rhaphoneis mertzi Hajós, 1973
- Rhaphoneis mica Hohn & Hellerman, 1966
- Rhaphoneis minutissima Hustedt, 1939
- Rhaphoneis miocenica Schrader, 1973
- Rhaphoneis mirabunda Giffen, 1963
- Rhaphoneis molucensis Ehrenberg, 1870
- Rhaphoneis moorii O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis morsiana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis nana Ehrenberg, 1872
- Rhaphoneis nitida (Gregory) Grunow, 1868
- Rhaphoneis nitida A.Schmidt, 1894
- Rhaphoneis nodulifer
- Rhaphoneis obesa Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis obesa Peragallo, 1911
- Rhaphoneis obesula Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis oregonica Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis orientalis Hendey, 1939
- Rhaphoneis ossiformis Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis ovalis Korotkevich, 1957
- 相同缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis paralis Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis parallelica Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis parcepunctata (Pantocsek & Grunow) Andrews, 1975
- Rhaphoneis parvula Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis perspicua Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1959
- Rhaphoneis petropolitana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis pinnularia Tempère & Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis praeparilis Andrews, 1987
- Rhaphoneis pretiosa Ehrenberg
- Rhaphoneis psammicola Riznyk, 1973
- Rhaphoneis quarnerensis Grunow, 1862
- 似菱形缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis rhomboides Hendey, 1958
- Rhaphoneis rhombus Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis rhomoides Hendey
- Rhaphoneis robustata Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis rostrata Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis sachalinensis Sheshukova-Poretskaya, 1967
- Rhaphoneis sanctaecrucis H.Peragallo, 1909
- Rhaphoneis scalaris Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis schulzii Anissimova ex Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1949
- Rhaphoneis scutelloides Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis scutellum Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis scutula Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis setacea Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis sharktoothensis VanLandingham, 1978
- Rhaphoneis simbirskiana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis similis Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis simonseni Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis suborbicularis O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis subtilissima Pantocsek, 1886
- 双菱缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis surirella (Her.) Grunow, 1880
- Rhaphoneis surirelloides Simonsen, 1974
- Rhaphoneis szakalensis Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis tatsunokuchiensis Koizumi, 1972
- Rhaphoneis tenuis Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis tibialis Tempère & Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis triangularis Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis wetzeli Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis wicomicoensis Lohman, 1948
- Rhaponeis
- Sceptroneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhizosoleniales
- Rhopalodiales
- Stictocycales
- 斑环藻目 Stictocyclales
- 斑盘藻目 Stictodiscales
- Striatellales
- 双菱藻目 Surirellales
- Tabellariales
- Thalassionematales
- 锥藻目 Thalassiophysales
- 海链藻目 Thalassiosirales
- Toxariales
- Triceratiales
- 目的地位未定的科:
- Arcanodiscaceae
- Archaegladiopsidaceae
- Diatomaceae
- Disciferiaceae
- Eustephaniaceae
- Gladiaceae
- Hydroseraceae
- Kerkiaceae
- Nitzschiaveae
- Rhynchopyxidaceae
- Trigoniumaceae
- Xanthiopyxaceae
- 目和科的地位未定的属:
- Achnanthepyla Perag., 1921
- Actinodictyon J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Actinogonium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Actinogramma C.G.Ehrenberg, 1872
- Actinoneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Actinophaenia G.Shadbolt, 1854
- Actinostephanos G.K.Khursevich, 1989
- Aggericorona S.Komura, 2006
- Alloeoneis J.Schumann, 1867
- Alloioneis J.Schumann ex P.T.Cleve, 1878
- Amphicampa Rabenh.
- Amphicephalosperma Meunier, 1910
- Amphidiscus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1839
- 茧形藻属 Amphiprora Kütz.
- 两形壳缝藻属 Amphiraphia J.-Y.Chen & H.-Z.Zhu, 1983
- Amphitrite P.T.Cleve ex O.Kunze, 1891
- Amphitropis L.Rabenhorst, 1868
- Anisodiscus A.Grunow, 1886
- Anisoraphe R.E.Norris, 1971
- Annellus J.Tempère, 1908
- Annularius S.Komura, 2005
- Annulodiscus Hajós
- 异菱藻属 Anomoeoneis Pitzer
- Antelminellia F.Schütt, 1893
- Anthemodiscus J.W.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1944
- Aplotella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Aporidiscus Rattray, 1889
- Aporodiscus J.Rattray, 1890
- Apteroe P.T.Cleve, 1891
- Apterosoma S.Komura, 1997
- Archaegoniothecium J.Witkowski, D.M.Harwood & M.Kulikovskiy, 2012
- Archeopantocsekia Borbas, 1893
- Archepyrgus R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Archimedea J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824
- Argonauta G.Karsten, 1928
- Aristella
- Arthrogyra C.G.Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1861
- Arthrotoma Corda, 1840
- Asterodiscus A.S.Johnson, 1852
- Astrosyne Ashworth & Lobban, 2012
- Aulacocystis A.H.Hassall, 1845
- Auriculopsis N.I.Hendey, 1964
- Bactryllium O.Heer, 1853
- Baculites J.Grüss, 1928
- Badiaga Sprengel
- Balanosa S.Komura, 1996
- Baxteria H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Belonastrum E.Lemmermann, 1900
- Belonidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Biblarium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Bifibulatia H.Takano, 1983
- Bilingua R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Bolewskia B.Kwiecinska & J.Sieminska, 2000
- Botellus F.Schütt, 1900
- Brachybaculites J.Grüss, 1928
- Brasiliella C.Zimmermann S.J., 1918
- Brenneckella H.Lohman, 1912
- Brunia J.Tempère ex G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Bruniella H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Bruniopsis G.Karsten, 1928
- Calcothrix N.A.Desvaux, 1830
- Callimastogloia S.Komura, 2005
- Calodiscus L.Rabenhorst, 1853
- Calophyllum G.Shadbolt, 1854
- Calyptosporium D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Campylostylus G.Shadbolt ex C.S.Boyer, 1927
- Capsula J.Brun, 1896
- Carrodoria Kuntze, 1898
- Castracania G.B.De Toni, 1892
- Cavitatus D.M.Williams, 1989
- Centrodiscus Pantocsek, 1889
- Centroporus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Ceratangula P.A.Sims, 2008
- Ceratodiscus S.H.Meakin, 1938
- Ceratophora Pantocsek, 1889
- Chasea G D.Hanna, 1934
- Cheloniodiscus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Chuniella G.Karsten, 1905
- Circularius E.A.Molinari-Novoa, C.E.Sánchez Ocharan & M.D.Guiry, 2021
- Cladogramma C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Cladomphalus J.W.Bailey, 1894
- Clavicula J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Clavularia R.K.Greville, 1865
- Clevamphora C.Mereschkowsky, 1903
- Cleveamphora Mereschkowsky, 1903
- Cleveia J.Pantocsek, 1895
- Clevia C.Mereschkowsky, 1902
- Climacidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Clipeoparvus J.Woodbridge, E.J.Cox & N.Roberts, 2010
- Coenobiodiscus A.R.Loeblich Iii, W.W.Wight & W.M.Darley, 1968
- Cohaesum V.A.Nikolaev & D.M.Harwood, 2007
- Colletonema A.de Brébisson ex F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Confervea O.F.Müller, 1873
- 棘冠藻属 Corethron (Castracane) H.Perag.
- Corinna P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- Coronia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1840
- Coronodiscus I.Suto, 2004
- Coscinophaena C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Coscinorima N.I.Strelnikova, 1999
- Cotyledon J.Brun, 1891
- Craspedopleura M.Poulin, 1993
- Craspedoporus R.K.Greville, 1863
- Cresswellia Arnott ex R.K.Greville, 1857
- Cristodiscus Z.I.Glezer & A.P.Olshtynskaya, 1994
- Crossophialus D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Crystalia Sommerfeld, 1824
- Ctenophora A.de Brebisson ex F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Cultria (D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot) D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2007
- Cussia H.-J.Schrader, 1974
- Cycloites J.Grüss, 1928
- Cycloplea V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Cyclosira H.Peragallo & M.Peragallo, 1907
- Cyclostephanopsis L.Loginova, 1993
- Cymatogonia A.Grunow, 1883
- Cymatotheca N.I.Hendey, 1958
- Cymbamphora P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Cymbelgeia L.N.Bukhtiyarova & G.V.Pomazkina, 2013
- Cymbellopsis K.Krammer, 1997
- Cymbophora (F.T.Kützing) A.de Brébisson, 1838
- Cymbosira F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Cypellachaetes D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Cystopleura A.de Brébisson ex O.Kuntze, 1891
- 指管藻属 Dactyliosolen (Castracane) H.Perag.
- Dalai-Lama C.Mereschkowsky, 1906
- Dalailama Mereschkowsky
- Dandrelion P.Lefebure, 1947
- Dasyangea D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Debya J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Debya J.Rattray, 1888
- Dendrelion J.Pantocsek, 1928
- Dendrella J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Dendrogonia S.Komura, 2007
- Denticula Ehrenb.
- Diatomosira V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Diatostephana E.A.Molinari-Novoa & M.D.Guiry, 2021
- Dichomenis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1862
- Dichotropiscus S.Komura, 1995
- Dickensoniaforma
- Dicladia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Dicladiopsis G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Dictyolampra C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Dictyopyxis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Didymohelix J.W.Griffith
- Dimeractis S.Komura, 2001
- Dimerosira H.Peragallo, 1901
- Diomphala C.G.Ehrenberg, 1842
- Discoites J.Grüss, 1928
- Disconeis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Discoplea C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Discosira L.Rabenhorst, 1853
- Discus C.Stodder, 1879
- Disiphonia
- Dispinodiscus I.Suto, 2004
- Distichanthes C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Doryphora
- Dossetia F.Azpeitia, 1911
- Drepanotheca H.-J.Schrader ex Round, Crawford & Mann, 1990
- Echinaria F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Echinodiscus A.Mann, 1925
- Ectodictyon G.C.Khursevich & G.P.Cherniaeva, 1989
- Endosigma A.de Brébisson, 1848
- Endostauron A.Grunow, 1880
- Endostauron Brébisson ex Möller, 1892
- Entogonia R.K.Greville, 1863
- Entomogaster C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Epithelion J.Pantocsek, 1905
- Epithema A.de Brébisson, 1838
- Euceratoneis A.Grunow, 1865
- Eumeridion F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Euphyllodium
- Eupleuria G.A.W.Arnott, 1858
- Eupterotrum S.Komura, 1997
- Eurossia Mahood et al., 1993
- Eurossia P.A.Sims, 1993
- Excentron J.Ralfs, 1861
- Fenestrellina Greville, 1863
- Fibula Wm.Smith, 1859
- Flexibiddulphia R.Simonsen, 1987
- Fontigonium P.A.Sims & N.I.Hendey, 1996
- Fusotheca C.Mereschkowsky, 1878
- Gemellodiscus I.Suto, 2004
- Girodella Gaillon ex P.J.F.Turpin, 1827
- Gleseria E.G.Lupikina, L.M.Dolmatova & L.M., 1984
- Gloeonema C.G.Ehrenberg, 1856
- Gloionema C.A.Agardh, 1812
- Glyphodiscus R.K.Greville, 1862
- Goldfishia L.N.Bukhtiyarova & G.V.Pomazkina, 2013
- Golovenkinia N.I.Strelnikova, 1997
- Gomphogramma A.Braun, 1853
- Grammatonema F.T.Kützing, 1845
- Grayia E.Grove & J.Brun, 1892
- Groentvedia N.I.Hendey, 1964
- Grovea A.Schmidt ex Van Heurck, 1896
- Grunoviella H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Grymaia J.W.Bailey ex L.W.Bailey, 1861
- Gutwinskiella G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Gyropandorus S.Komura, 1997
- Gyroptychus A.Schmidt, 1890
- Halionyx C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Halonetrum H.Lohmann, 1919
- Halopetitia S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Halurina C.Zimmermann, 1918
- Handmannia M.Peragallo, 1913
- Hantzschiopsidea J.Grüss, 1928
- Harrisonii E.M.Nelson
- Haynaldella J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Haynaldiella J.Pantocsek ex H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Heibergia R.K.Greville, 1865
- Heliopelta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Helisella A.Jurilj, 1949
- Helissella Jurilj, 1949
- Helminthopsidella P.C.Silva, 1970
- Hemiboscia V.A.Nikolaev & D.M.Harwood, 2012
- Hemizoster C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Hendeya J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Hendeyscoresbya S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Henshawia A.Mann, 1925
- Heribaudia M.Peragallo, 1893
- Heromphala P.Lefebure, 1947
- Heroneis P.Lefebure, 1947
- Hesslandia A.Cleve-Euler, 1947
- Heterangion S.Komura, 2001
- Heterocampa C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Heterodictyon R.K.Greville, 1863
- Heteromphala C.G.Ehrenberg, 1859
- Heteroneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Heterostephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Himantidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1840
- Himantosoma V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Homalodiscus A.S.Orsted, 1844
- Hormophora A.Jurilj, 1957
- Horstia J.Sieminska & B.Kwiecinska, 2002
- Humbugodiscus J.Deby, 1890
- Hustedtia F.Meister, 1932
- Huttoniella G.Karsten, 1928
- Hyalodes F.Dujardin, 1842
- Hyalodictya C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Hyalopyxis I.V.Makarova, 1989
- Hyalotrochus D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Hydrolinum H.F.Link, 1820
- Hydrosirella F.Hustedt, 1952
- Hylobiblium Wolle, 1894
- Hystrix J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Iconella
- Ikebea S.Komura, 1975
- Imparvalvia S.Komura, 2007
- Incisoria M.Hajos, 1975
- Insilella C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Isomeria Chevallier
- Isthmiella P.T.Cleve, 1873
- Janischia A.Grunow, 1883
- Jousea Z.I.Glezer, 1967
- Kannoa S.Komura, 1980
- Katahiraia S.Komura, 1976
- Kidoa S.Komura, 1979
- Kozloviella A.P.Jousé, 1973
- Kreagra R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Ktenodiscus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Kuemmerlea J.A.Krenner, 1926
- Lacustriella H.Lange-Bertalot, M.S.Kulikovskiy & D.Metzeltin, 2012
- Lamella J.Brun, 1894
- Lamprotediscus J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Lancineis G.W.Andrews, 1990
- Lentiliforma
- Leptoscaphos H.-J.Schrader, 1969
- Lingulatium
- Lioneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1861
- Liostephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Liparogyra C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- Liradiscus R.K.Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus akibae I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus asperulus Andrews, 1976
- Liradiscus barbadensis Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus bipolaris K.E.Lohman, 1948
- Liradiscus capensis Cleve, 1881
- Liradiscus circularis Hanna, 1927
- Liradiscus ellipticus Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus furcatus Grove MS., 1889
- Liradiscus japonicus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus lucidus Brun, 1889
- Liradiscus marginatus Grove MS., 1889
- Liradiscus marginatus Grunow, 1879
- Liradiscus minimus Lohman, 1948
- Liradiscus minutus Forti, 1914
- Liradiscus minutus Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus oblongus Grunow, 1890
- 卵形脊刺藻 Liradiscus ovalis R.K.Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus pacificus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus petasus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus plicatulus Hajós, 1968
- Liradiscus plicatus Hajós, 1968
- 肾形脊刺藻 Liradiscus reniformis Chin & Cheng, 1982
- Liradiscus reticulatus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus rotundus Hajós, 1968
- Liriogramma R.W.Kolbe, 1954
- Lithobotrys C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Lobarzewskya V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Lomonycus S.Komura, 1996
- Longinata M.Hajos, 1975
- Lophotheca H.-J.Schrader, 1969
- Lunulina J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Lyngbyea
- Lysicyclia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1856
- Lysigonium H.F.Link, 1820
- Maluina R.Ross & P.A.Sims, 1987
- Mammidion J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Mammula G.Karsten, 1928
- Margaritoxon C.Janisch, 1862
- Mediaria V.S.Scheschukova-Poretzkaja, 1962
- Mediopyxis L.K.Medlin & Kühn, 2006
- Medlinella Frankovich, Ashworth & M.J.Sullivan, 2016
- Melchersiela C.Teixeira, 1959
- Melotomus Corda
- Meretrosulus G D.Hanna, 1927
- Meristosolen D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Mesasterias C.G.Ehrenberg, 1872
- Micromega C.A.Agardh, 1827
- Microneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Microorbis R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Microspodiscus A.Grunow, 1883
- Microstigma (P.T.Cleve) F.Meister, 1919
- Moelleria P.T.Cleve, 1873
- Moisseevia N.I.Strelnikova, 1997
- Monema M.J.Berkeley, 1833
- Monema R.K.Greville, 1827
- Monobrachia H.-J.Schrader, 1976
- Monoceros A.C.J.Van Goor, 1924
- Monocis P.Lefebure, 1947
- Monocladia I.Suto, 2003
- Monogramma C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Monopsia E.Grove & G.Sturt, 1887
- Muelleriopsis N.I.Hendey, 1972
- Nadiya L.N.Bukhtiyarova, 2013
- Nanoneis R.E.Norris, 1973
- Naunema C.G.Ehrenberg, 1838
- Naviculonema C.L.Graeff, J.P.Kociolek & S.R.Rushforth, 2013
- Nematoplata J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Neograya O.Kuntze, 1898
- Neomoelleria S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Nephrodiscus S.Komura, 1996
- Nitzschiopsidea J.Grüss, 1928
- Nothoceratium G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Novilla P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- Ocularia E.J.Quekett, 1844
- Omphalopelta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Oncodiscus J.W.Bailey
- Oncosphenia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Opephoropsis J.Frenguelli, 1945
- Orthotropis P.T.Cleve, 1891
- Oscillaria C.Pollini, 1816
- Oshitea S.Komura, 1993
- Paleopandorus S.Komura, 1996
- Palmella E.A.Flint
- Paltonella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Paltonophora F.T.Kützing, 1833
- Pandurella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Pappia M.Hajos, 1974
- Paradesmus A.C.J.Corda, 1835
- Parelion
- Pentapodiscus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Peponia R.K.Greville, 1863
- Peragalla F.Schütt, 1895
- Peragallia F.Schütt, 1895
- Peragalloella H.Van Heurck, 1909
- Periptera Ehrenberg, 1845
- Peristephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Perithyra C.G.Ehrenberg ex H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Perizonium F.Cohn & C.Janisch ex L.Rabenhorst, 1864
- Phaeoceros
- Phaeothallus K.I.Meyer
- Phalarina Ehrenberg
- Pharyngoglossa Corda, 1835
- Phialediscus L.Vailionis, 1930
- Phlyctaenia F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Phycorona Blanco, 2020
- Pinnulariosigma T.V.Desikachary, V.N.Raja Rao & V.T.Sridharan, 1989
- Pleurodesmium F.T.Kützing, 1846
- Pleurodiscina P.C.Silva, 1970
- Pleurodiscus J.W.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1944
- Pleuroneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Pleurosiphonia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Pleurostauron
- Plicatodiscus Z.I.Glezer, 1988
- Ploiaria J.Pantocsek ex Van Heurck, 1896
- Podiscus J.W.Bailey, 1844
- Pododiscus F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Podosphenia Ehrenberg, 1836
- Pogoneis F.E.Round & P.W.Basson, 1997
- Polyceratium A.F.Castracane, 1886
- Polymyscos C.Janisch, 1888
- Ponticella C.G.Ehrenberg, 1873
- Pontodiscus D.N.Temniskova-Topalova & V.S.Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1981
- Poretzkia A.P.Jousé, 1949
- Porocyclia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- Porodiscus R.K.Greville, 1863
- Porostauros F.Habirshaw, 1877
- Porosularia B.V.Skvortzov, 1976
- Praecymatosira Dzinoridze et al., 1979
- Praecymatosira N.I.Strelnikova, 1979
- Praeepithemia A.P.Jousé, 1952
- Pravifusus A.Witkowski, H.Lange-Bertalot & D.Metzeltin, 2000
- Pritchardia L.Rabenhorst, 1864
- Proboscidea T.B.B.Paddock & P.A.Sims, 1980
- Proboscineis F.Butzin, 1980
- Prorostaurus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Proshkinia N.I.Karayeva, 1978
- Protonema Meneghinini, 1845
- Protorhaphoneis B.Kwiecinska & J.Sieminska, 2000
- Psammoparalia M.G.Baptista, 1998
- Pseudauliscus G.Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1879
- Pseudo-pleurosigma P.T.Cleve & A.Grunow, 1880
- Pseudoaulacodiscus V.N.Vekschina, 1961
- Pseudocerataulus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Pseudocoscinodiscus A.Grunow, 1883
- Pseudodictyoneis P.T.Cleve ex J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Pseudodimerogramma H.-J.Schrader, 1976
- Pseudodiploneis A.Schmidt, 1874
- Pseudohyalodiscus T.F.Kozyrenko & I.V.Makarova, 1997
- Pseudomastogloia J.Pantocsek, 1905
- Pseudostephanodiscus A.Grunow, 1884
- Pseudosynedra G.Leuduger-Fortmorel ex C.S.Boyer, 1827
- Pseudosynedra J.Pantocsek ex G.Moesz, 1904
- Pseudotribrachia S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Psygmatella F.T.Kützing, 1834
- Pterotheca A.Grunow ex Forti, 1909
- Ptychodiscus E.O'Meara, 1867
- Radiodiscus (W.M.Bale) Mills, 1932
- Radiodiscus A.Forti & P.Schulz, 1932
- Radiopalma J.Brun, 1891
- Ralfsia E.O'Meara, 1875
- Rancia L.Mangin ex J.Chavaillon, 1939
- Raphidogloea
- Raphoneis Ehrenb.
- Reicheltia H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Rhabdium C.F.W.Wallroth, 1833
- Rhabdosira C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Rhaphidogloea F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Rhaphiophorasphaera B.L.Clark & A.S.Campbell, 1945
- Rhaphococcus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Rhipidophora F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Rhizonotia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Robinsetta G D.Hanna & A.L.Brigger, 1964
- Robinsonetta G.D.Hanna & A.L.Brigger, 1964
- Rosaria Carmichael, 1833
- Rouxia J.Brun & J.Heribaud, 1893
- Rouxiopsis S.Komura, 1996
- Rutilariopsis H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Saeptifera R.M.Gogorev, 2014
- Sagittula S.Komura, 1997
- Salacia J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Salpa P.Lefebure, 1947
- Sameioneis D.J.Russell & R.E.Norris, 1971
- Sawamuraia S.Komura, 1976
- Scalariella C.Riaux-Gobin, 2012
- Scalptrum A.C.J.Corda, 1835
- Scapha Edwards ex C.Johnston, 1860
- Scaphularia F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Schimittia P.Lefebure, 1947
- Schimperiella G.Karsten, 1905
- Schizonema C.A.Agardh, 1824
- Schizostauron A.Grunow, 1867
- Schmidtia C.Janisch, 1888
- Schmidtiella C.H.Ostenfeld, 1903
- Schumanniana P.Lefebure, 1947
- Scoliodiscus A.Jurilj, 1954
- Scytellum C.Agardh, 1827
- Secallia F.Azpeitia, 1911
- Sellaphoropsis D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2002
- Sembeya P.Lefebure, 1947
- Semseyia J.Pantocsek, 1902
- Sieminskia D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 1998
- Sigma M.Peragallo, 1920
- Simonseniella J.Fenner, 1991
- Siphonodiscus S.Komura, 1996
- Skvortzowia M.S.Kulikovskiy, H.Lange-Bertalot & D.Metzeltin, 2012
- Smithiella H.Peragallo, 1901
- Solium P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- Spermatogonia G.Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1892
- Sphaerophora (A.H.Hassall) J.Lindley, 1846
- Sphaerotermia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1852
- Sphenella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Sphenella F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Sphenoneis V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Sphenophora (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Sphenophora F.T.Kützing, 1833
- Sphenosira C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Sphinctocystis A.H.Hassall, 1845
- Spinigera H.Heiden & R.W.Kolbe, 1928
- Spinivinculum R.Ross, 1990
- Spinodiscus T.V.Desikachary & K.A.Ranjitha Devi, 1986
- Staurogramma L.Rabenhorst, 1853
- Stauronella C.Mereschkowsky, 1901
- Staurosigma A.Grunow ex Rabenhorst, 1864
- Stelladiscus J.Rattray, 1890
- Stelodiscus S.Komura, 2001
- Stenopterotia F.Habirshaw, 1878
- Stephanogonia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Stephanosira C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- Stichochrysis Pringsheim, 1955
- Stichocrysis
- Stichostaura C.G.Ehrenberg, 1853
- Stictodiscella G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Stictolecanon S.Komura, 1999
- Stictoneis F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Stigmaphora G.C.Wallich, 1860
- Stigmaphora hungarica Pantocsek, 1892
- Stigmaphora lanceolata Wallich, 1860
- Stigmaphora rostrata Wallich, 1860
- Stoschiella C.Gardner & K.Wenderoth, 1966
- Stoschiella hebetata C.Gardner & K.Wenderoth, 1996[14]
- Streptommion S.Komura, 1997
- Striatocellina Z.I.Glezer, 1988
- Strombus F.Schütt ex A.F.Castracane, 1892
- Sturtgrovea O.Kuntze, 1898
- Stylaria Hooker
- Stylobiblium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Styloneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Suriraya E.Pfitzer, 1871
- Syncyclia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1837
- Syndendrium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Syrinx A.C.J.Corda, 1835
- Systephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Szechenyia J.Pantocsek, 1903
- Tabulina J.Brun, 1889
- Temperea M.Peragallo, 1908
- Temperella F.W.Mills, 1935
- Terebraria R.K.Greville, 1864
- Tessella C.G.Ehrenberg, 1837
- Tetrachaeta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Tetralophus S.Komura, 2007
- Tetramphora C.Mereschkowsky, 1903
- Tetrapodiscus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Thaumaleorhabdium V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Thumia Cleve ex Lefébure & Chenevière, 1938
- Thumia P.T.Cleve ex F.B.Taylor, 1929
- Tibiella C.E.Bessey, 1900
- Tortilaria W.J.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1948
- Toxosira A.de Brébisson ex M.Peragallo, 1903
- Triaulacias C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Tribrachia A.Mann, 1925
- Triceras Lobarzewski
- Trifonovia M.S.Kulikovskiy & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2012
- Trisystema S.Komura, 2005
- Trochosirella S.Komura, 1996
- Trochus R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Tropidosiphonus S.Komura, 1994
- Truania J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Tschestnovia J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Tubaformis Gombos A.M.Jr., 1983
- Tubularia J.Brun, 1894
- Undatodiscus E.G.Lupikina, 1984
- Unguiella S.Komura, 1996
- Upothema J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Valdiviella A.F.W.Schimper, 1907
- Valdiviella brevicornis Sars G.O., 1905
- Valdiviella brodskyi Zvereva, 1975
- Valdiviella ignota Sewell, 1929
- Valdiviella imperfecta Brodsky, 1950
- Valdiviella insignis Farran, 1908
- Valdiviella minor Wolfenden, 1911
- Valdiviella oligarthra Steuer, 1904
- Vanheurckella J.Pantocsek, 1892
- 奇异范氏藻 Vanheurckella admirabilis Pantocsek, 1892
- Vanheurckiella Pantocsek ex M.Peragallo, 1897
- Vanhoeffenus H.Heiden & R.W.Kolbe, 1928
- Vavia A.Missuna, 1914
- Vernadskowia A.Missuna, 1914
- Vibrio O.F.Müller, 1773
- Vulcanella P.A.Sims & A.D.Mahood, 1998
- Weissflogia C.Janisch, 1888
- Willemoesia F.Castracane, 1886
- Williamsella C.L.Graeff, J.P.Kociolek & S.R.Rushforth, 2013
- Wittia J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Xanthioisthmus I.Suto, 2006
- Xanthiopsis F.Wolle, 1890
- Xanthiopyxis (C.G.Ehrenberg) C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Zotheca J.Pantocsek, 1902
图库
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矽藻(光学显微镜下,暗视野)
-
各种硅藻的表面。扫描电子显微镜拍摄。
(A:左上)Biddulphia reticulata
(B:左下)Diploneis sp.
(C:右上)Eupodiscus radiatus
(D:右下)Melosira varians
参考文献
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- ^ Hasle, G.R.; Syvertsen,E.E. Marine Diatoms. In: Tomas, C.R.(1997). Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic Press. 1997: 5–385.
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- ^ Mann, D. G. The species concept in diatoms. Evolution. 1989, 24 (1): 1–22.[永久失效链接]
- ^ Yool, Andrew; Tyrrell, Toby. Role of diatoms in regulating the ocean’s silicon cycle (PDF). Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 3003, 17 (4): 1103–1124 [2013-04-22]. doi:10.1029/2002GB002018. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-21).
- ^ Lipps, J.H. Plankton Evolution. Diatoms occur in all oceans from the poles to the tropics; polar and subpolar regions contain relatively few species compared with temperate biota. Although tropical regions exhibit the greatest number of species, more abundant populations are found in polar to temperate regions. 1970, 24 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 2406711. doi:10.2307/2406711.
- ^ Horner, R.A. A Taxonomic Guide to Some Common Marine Phytoplankton. BiopressLtd. 2002: 25–30. ISBN 0-948737-65-4.
- ^ 存档副本. [2013-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-23).
- ^ 存档副本. [2013-04-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-05).
- ^ O.E.D. 2nd edition 2005
- ^ CHRISTOPHER S. LOBBAN,J. NELSON NAVARRO.Gato hyalinus gen. etsp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands[J].Phytotaxa,2013,127(1)
- ^ Claire Gardner , Dieter Schulz , Richard M. Crawford & Klaus Wenderoth (1995) STOSCHIELLA HEBETATA GEN. ET SP. NOV. A DIATOM FROM INTERTIDAL SAND, Diatom Research, 10:2, 241-250, DOI: 10.1080/0269249X.1995.9705347
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