寡突膠質細胞

寡突膠質細胞（Oligodendrocyte），也稱少突膠質細胞是一種神經膠質細胞，最早由西班牙醫學家皮奧·戴爾·里奧·霍爾特加（英語：Pío del Río Hortega）於1921年報導^[1]。寡突膠質細胞的主要功能是在中樞神經系統中，爲神經元的軸突提供保護和支持。寡突膠質細胞的細胞質突起部會與軸突結合，並將之包裹，同時可分泌髓磷脂，形成保護軸突的髓鞘（myelin sheath）結構，其功能與外周神經系統的施旺細胞相似^[2]。根據統計，一個寡突膠質細胞大約可以和50個軸突結合^[3]。從發育上說，寡突膠質細胞分化自寡突膠質細胞祖細胞（英語：Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell）（Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell），在人胚胎發育中是中樞神經細胞中最晚出現的一種細胞^[4]^[5]。

參見

施旺細胞

參考

^ Gill, AS; DK Binder. Wilder Penfield, Pío del Río-Hortega, and the discovery of oligodendroglia. Neurosurgery. May 2007, 60 (5): discussion 940–8. PMID 17460531. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000255448.97730.34.
^ Fields, Douglas. White Matter Matters. Scientific American. 18 February 2008, 298 (March 2008): 54–61 [2012-04-29]. Bibcode:2008SciAm.298c..54D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0308-54. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-01）.
^ Baumann, Nicole; Pham-Dinh, Danielle. Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Physiological Reviews. 2001-04-01, 81 (2): 871–927 [2018-06-26]. ISSN 0031-9333. PMID 11274346. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.871. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-06）（英語）.
^ Thomas, JL; Spassky, N; Perez Villegas, EM; Olivier, C; Cobos, I; Goujet-Zalc, C; Martínez, S; Zalc, B. Spatiotemporal development of oligodendrocytes in the embryonic brain. Journal of Neuroscience Research. Feb 15, 2000, 59 (4): 471–6. PMID 10679785. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000215)59:4<471::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-3.
^ Cameron-Curry, Patrizia; Le Douarin, Nicole M. Oligodendrocyte precursors originate from both the dorsal and the ventral parts of the spinal cord. Neuron. December 1995, 15 (6): 1299–1310. PMID 8845154. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90009-8.

[gill-1] Gill, AS; DK Binder. Wilder Penfield, Pío del Río-Hortega, and the discovery of oligodendroglia. Neurosurgery. May 2007, 60 (5): discussion 940–8. PMID 17460531. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000255448.97730.34.

[2] Fields, Douglas. White Matter Matters. Scientific American. 18 February 2008, 298 (March 2008): 54–61 [2012-04-29]. Bibcode:2008SciAm.298c..54D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0308-54. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-01）.

[3] Baumann, Nicole; Pham-Dinh, Danielle. Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Physiological Reviews. 2001-04-01, 81 (2): 871–927 [2018-06-26]. ISSN 0031-9333. PMID 11274346. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.871. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-06）（英語）.

[4] Thomas, JL; Spassky, N; Perez Villegas, EM; Olivier, C; Cobos, I; Goujet-Zalc, C; Martínez, S; Zalc, B. Spatiotemporal development of oligodendrocytes in the embryonic brain. Journal of Neuroscience Research. Feb 15, 2000, 59 (4): 471–6. PMID 10679785. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000215)59:4<471::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-3.

[5] Cameron-Curry, Patrizia; Le Douarin, Nicole M. Oligodendrocyte precursors originate from both the dorsal and the ventral parts of the spinal cord. Neuron. December 1995, 15 (6): 1299–1310. PMID 8845154. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90009-8.

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