熊果屬

熊果屬
Whiteleaf Manzanita (Arctostaphylos viscida)
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊類植物 Asterids
目：	杜鵑花目 Ericales
科：	杜鵑花科 Ericaceae
屬：	熊果屬 Arctostaphylos Adans.
屬
約60種，詳見內文

熊果屬（學名：Arctostaphylos；/ˌɑːrktoʊˈstæfɪləs, -lɒs/;arkto 熊 + staphyle 葡萄）是杜鵑花科下的一個屬，為灌木或小種樹植物。

熊果屬包括約60個品種，從緊貼地面的北極圈，到海岸、山上不等，皆為其生活圈子。熊果屬一般不高，不會超過六公尺高，而且皆為常綠植物。

物種

According to Philip V. Wells in The Jepson Manual and other sources, there are two subgenera of Arctostaphylos:

• Subgenus Micrococcus
  • Sect. Micrococcus
    • Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis Pygmy Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Ione Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos nissenana Nissenan Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos nummularia Glossyleaf Manzanita
• Subgenus Arctostaphylos, which has 3 sections:
  • Sect. Arctostaphylos
    • Arctostaphylos alpina Alpine Bearberry
    • Arctostaphylos bakeri Baker's Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos densiflora Sonoma Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos edmundsii Little Sur Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos franciscana Franciscan Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos gabrielensis San Gabriel Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos glauca Bigberry Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos hispidula Gasquet Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos hookeri Hooker's Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos insularis Island Manzanita

      

      Common Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

    • Arctostaphylos klamathensis Klamath Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos manzanita Common Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos mewukka Indian Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos nevadensis Pinemat Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos parryana Parry Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos patula Greenleaf Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos pumila Sandmat Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos pungens Pointleaf Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos rudis Shagbark Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Stanford's Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry
    • Arctostaphylos viscida Sticky Manzanita
  • Sect. Foliobracteata

    

    A manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.)

    • Arctostaphylos andersonii Santa Cruz Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos auriculata Mount Diablo Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos canescens Hoary Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos catalinae Santa Catalina Island Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos columbiana Hairy Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos confertiflora Santa Rosa Island Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos cruzensis La Cruz Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastwood Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos glutinosa Schreiber's Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos hooveri Hoover's Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos imbricata San Bruno Mountain Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos luciana Santa Lucia Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos malloryi Mallory's Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos montaraensis Montara Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos montereyensis Monterey Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos morroensis Morro Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos nortensis Del Norte Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos obispoensis Serpentine Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos osoensis Oso Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos otayensis Otay Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Pajaro Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos pallida Pallid Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos pechoensis Pecho Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos pilosula La Panzo Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos purissima La Purissima Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos refugioensis Refugio Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos regismontana Kings Mountain Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos silvicola Bonny Doon Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos tomentosa Woolyleaf Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos virgata Bolinas Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos viridissima Whitehair Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos wellsii Wells' Manzanita
  • Sect. Pictobracteata
    • Arctostaphylos pringlei Pringle Manzanita
• Unassigned
  • Arctostaphylos rainbowensis Rainbow Manzanita
  • Arctostaphylos gabilanensis Gabilan Manzanita
  • Arctostaphylos ohloneana Ohlone Manzanita

Synonyms

• Arctostaphylos bicolor is generally considered Xylococcus bicolor
• Arctostaphylos crustacea is generally considered Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. crustacea

See also the closely related genus Comarostaphylis, previously often included in Arctostaphylos.

種植

由於熊果屬植物很容易受到由真菌引起的疾病影響，本屬植物的種植比較困難，通常都只能在多鹽及鹼土上才比較可行。在天氣炎熱時，應避免把水從頭直接淋灑。

參考文獻

• James C. Hickman. 1993. The Jepson Manual: higher plants of California, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. ISBN 0-520-082559.
• C. Michael Hogan. 2012. Arctostaphylos （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Eds. M.McGinley and C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.
• Treatment from the Jepson Manual （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• Philip V. Wells. 2000. Manzanitas of California, Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, Kansas. ISBN 0-933994-22-2.
• Philip V. Wells. 1992. Subgenera and sections of Arctostaphylos. The Four Seasons 9: 64-69.