雲斑厚紋蟹
雲斑厚紋蟹
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科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 亞門： | 甲殼亞門 Crustacea |
| 綱： | 軟甲綱 Malacostraca |
| 目： | 十足目 Decapoda |
| 亞目： | 抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata |
| 下目： | 短尾下目 Brachyura |
| 科： | 方蟹科 Grapsidae |
| 屬： | 厚紋蟹屬 Pachygrapsus |
| 種： | 雲斑厚紋蟹 P. marmoratus
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| Pachygrapsus marmoratus | |
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雲斑厚紋蟹（學名：Pachygrapsus marmoratus）是厚紋蟹屬的一種螃蟹，分佈於黑海、地中海和大西洋的部分地區。
特徵
雲斑厚紋蟹的甲殼呈方形，長2.2-3.6厘米，呈深紫褐色，有黃色的大理石紋。[2]它們的甲殼上每邊有三個鋸齒，這與地中海的其他厚紋蟹屬生物有所不同。[2][3]它們能夠移動得很快，飛快的走入石縫之間，很難捕捉。[2]
分佈
雲斑厚紋蟹廣泛分佈在南歐[4]的黑海至摩洛哥海岸，並沿葡萄牙、西班牙及法國的大西洋海岸[5]，與及在北至英國南安普敦的英吉利海峽出沒。[5]它們的分佈地擴展可能與全球暖化有關。[6]
生態
雲斑厚紋蟹是雜食性的，主要吃其棲息地內豐富的藻類及動物。它們最喜歡吃蚌、帽貝及同種相食。[4]它們只會使用一種方式攻擊帽貝，但往往不成功。[7]在有蔭的海邊，它們會較少吃蚌，取而代之是吃藤壺。[8]
雲斑厚紋蟹的幼體是浮游動物，只可以生存31天。這樣使得它們群落間有高度的基因流，及廣泛散佈到新的地區。[10]
參考
- ^ Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2008, 17: 1–286 [2010-02-25]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-06）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rose Edwards. Pachygrapsus marmoratus: a marbled rock crab. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2005 [2010-01-11]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-23）.
- ^ A. M. Vaccaro & C. Pipitone. First record of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in Italian waters (PDF). Crustaceana. 2005, 78 (6): 677–83 [2010-02-25]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-03）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 S. Cannicci, M. Gomei, B. Boddi & M. Vannini. Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: Opportunistic browser or selective feeder?. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2002, 54 (6): 983–1001. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0869.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Ray W. Ingle & Paul F. Clark. First reported occurrences of the marbled crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) in southern coastal waters of the British Isles (PDF). JMBA2 Biodiversity Records. 2006. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-21）.
- ^ Jean-Claude Dauvin. New record of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) on the coast of northern Cotentin, Normandy, western English Channel. Marine Biodiversity Records. 2009, 2: e92. doi:10.1017/S1755267209001109.
- ^ Ana Silva, Diana Boaventura, Augusto Flores, Pedro Ré & Stephen J. Hawkins. Rare predation by the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus on the limpet Patella depressa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2004, 84 (2): 367–70. doi:10.1017/S0025315404009294h.
- ^ Ana Catarina Ferreira Silva, Sónia Brazão, Steve J. Hawkins, Richard C. Thompson & Diana M. Boaventura. Abundance, population structure and claw morphology of the semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) on shores of differing wave exposure. Marine Biology. 2009, 156 (12): 2591–9. doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1283-1.
- ^ Halil Şen. Food preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in captive conditions (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2007, 1 (2): 29–31.[失效連結]
- ^ Inês C. Silva, Natacha Mesquita, Christoph D. Schubart, Maria Judite Alves & José Paula. Genetic patchiness of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus along the Portuguese coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2009, 378 (1–2): 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.032.