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DOCK1

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DOCK1
已知的結構
PDB直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
識別號
別名DOCK1;, DOCK180, ced5, Dock180, dedicator of cytokinesis 1
外部IDOMIM601403 MGI2429765 HomoloGene55575 GeneCardsDOCK1
基因位置(人類
10號染色體
染色體10號染色體[1]
10號染色體
DOCK1的基因位置
DOCK1的基因位置
基因座10q26.2起始126,905,409 bp[1]
終止127,452,517 bp[1]
直系同源
物種人類小鼠
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
mRNA​序列

NM_001290223
​NM_001380

NM_001033420

蛋白序列

NP_001028592

基因位置​(UCSC)Chr 10: 126.91 – 127.45 MbChr 7: 134.27 – 134.78 Mb
PubMed​查找[3][4]
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類檢視/編輯小鼠

DOCK1Dedicator of cytokinesis 的首字母縮寫,因其分子量較大,約180kDa,也被稱為Dock180)是哺乳動物的一種涉及細胞內信號網絡轉導蛋白[5],屬於鳥苷酸交換因子英語Guanine nucleotide exchange factor(Guanine nucleotide exchange factors,GEFs)中的DOCK蛋白家族,其在線蟲C. elegans)中的同源基因CED-5[6]果蠅D. melanogaster)中的同源物為Mbc(Myoblast city)。

發現

1996年,Dock1在銜接蛋白Crk英語CRK (gene)FWB實驗英語far-western blotting結合蛋白中發現,可誘導3T3成纖維細胞發生形態學改變[7]。1998年發現Dock1可激活Rac1英語Rac1(一種小G蛋白英語Small GTPase[8],2002年確定了Dock1是一種鳥苷酸交換因子(GEF)[9]

結構和功能

Dock1是一種鳥苷酸交換因子(GEFs),在細胞信號轉導中參與激活小G蛋白。G蛋白在與二磷酸鳥苷(GDP)結合時為靜息的狀態,與三磷酸鳥苷(GTP)結合時為激活狀態,GEF通過打開G蛋白的鳥苷酸結合位置,將GDP置換為GTP來使G蛋白激活。

和其它GEFs通過經典的串聯DH英語DH domain-PH結構域來執行鳥苷酸交換不同,Dock1及相關蛋白通過DHR2結構域英語DHR2 domain來激活Rac1,DHR2結構域能穩定Rac的無核苷酸狀態[9]。Dock1及相關蛋白的另一個結構域DHR1英語DHR1 domain可在體外(in vitro)結合磷脂[10],可能和DOCK與細胞膜的相互作用有關。Dock1還包括N-末端SH3結構域(用於結合ELMO蛋白)[11]C-末端的富脯氨酸區域(果蠅Mbc的這一區域能結合Crk英語CRK (gene)的果蠅同源物DCrk[12]

Dock1的活性調節

在正常的生理條件下,單獨存在的Dock1是不會交換激活Rac的[11]。Dock1需要與其伴侶蛋白ELMO相互作用來啟動GEF活性。ELMO1英語ELMO1將Dock1招募到質膜上並改變其構象增加GEF活性[13][14][15]。ELMO1也抑制了Dock1的泛素化,使之不被蛋白酶體降解[16]受體介導的RhoG(小G蛋白Rac亞家族英語Rac (GTPase)的成員之一)激活能誘導Dock1產生GEF活性。激活的(GTP結合的)RhoG能招募ELMO/Dock1複合物到質膜上,參與其它Rac蛋白的鳥苷酸交換[17]。在腫瘤細胞中,帶有β3亞基整合素異二聚體和膜結合蛋白尿激酶受體共同信號刺激下Crk和p130Cas英語BCAR1複合體調控Dock1[18]

Dock1的下游信號

Dock1是一種Rac特異性的GEF,其激活能導致Rac下游信號的激活及一系列細胞功能,包括線蟲凋亡細胞的細胞遷移吞噬作用[19]PC12細胞神經突生長[20]斑馬魚胚胎中的肌細胞融合[21]。2008年的一項研究發現Dock1的DHR1結構域可結合SNX5(一種分選蛋白),這一相互作用促使了胰島素樣生長因子2受體高爾基體網絡的逆向轉運,此信號途徑不經過Rac蛋白[22]。此外,Dock1和Elmo基因表現的增加能提高神經膠質瘤的侵襲性[23]

相互作用

Dock1可與下列蛋白發生交互作用

參考文獻

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  3. ^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  4. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  5. ^ Entrez Gene: DOCK1 dedicator of cytokinesis 1. (原始內容存檔於2010-12-05). 
  6. ^ Meller N, Merlot S, Guda C. CZH proteins: a new family of Rho-GEFs. J. Cell Sci. November 2005, 118 (Pt 21): 4937–46. PMID 16254241. doi:10.1242/jcs.02671. 
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  12. ^ Balagopalan L, Chen MH, Geisbrecht ER, et al. The CDM Superfamily Protein MBC Directs Myoblast Fusion through a Mechanism That Requires Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Triphosphate Binding but Is Independent of Direct Interaction with DCrk. Mol. Cell. Biol. December 2006, 26 (24): 9442–55. PMC 1698515可免費查閱. PMID 17030600. doi:10.1128/MCB.00016-06. 
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  18. ^ Smith HW, Marra P, Marshall CJ. uPAR promotes formation of the p130Cas–Crk complex to activate Rac through DOCK180. J. Cell Biol. 2008-08, 182 (4): 777–790. PMC 2518715可免費查閱. PMID 18725541. doi:10.1083/jcb.200712050. 
  19. ^ Gumienny TL, Brugnera E, Tosello-Trampont AC, et al. CED-12/ELMO, a novel member of the CrkII/Dock180/Rac pathway, is required for phagocytosis and cell migration. Cell. 2001-10, 107 (1): 27–41. PMID 11595183. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00520-7. 
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