圖書館:新沃克博物馆

Bluedeck Library 圖書館卡

本頁面為「新沃克博物館」的存檔，可能和當前版本有所不同。

存檔UTC時間	2018年3月23日 09:25
存檔編者	Bluedeck
當前版本號	48791106

取得正常維基源碼

{{Infobox museum|名稱=新沃克博物館|圖像=New Walk Museum main entrance.jpg|established=1849年|location=英國，萊斯特|curator=馬克·伊萬斯|website=新沃克博物館和藝術畫廊}}{{expert|time=2018-03-05T23:37:30+00:00}}

{{OSM Location map | lat =52.6308 | lon =-1.131 | float=right | zoom =14 | width = 255 | height = 300 | minimap = file | mini-file=Leicestershire UK district map (blank).svg | mini-width=100 | mini-height=75 | minipog-x=52 | minipog-y=39 | scalemark =106 | mark-lat = 52.628954 | mark-lon =-1.127765 | label = New Walk Museum |label-pos=top | mark-title = New Walk Museum | mark-image = New Walk Museum Leicester 2.JPG | mark-description = New Walk Museum, Leicester, has been A public museum since 1849. The building was designed by Joseph Hansom. }} 新沃克博物館和藝術畫廊，是一所位於英國萊斯特市新沃克街的博物館，離萊斯特市中心不遠^[1]。建於1849年，新沃克博物館是英國最早成立的公共博物館之一^[2]，其展品涵蓋科學與人文藝術領域，富有國際色彩的同時兼具本地風情。博物館原建築由雙輪雙坐馬車的設計者喬瑟夫·漢森所設計^[3]，曾經歷過數次擴建，最近的一次是在2011年。

主展覽

常設展覽區的主題包括恐龍、古埃及、萊斯特郡礦物質、在附近發掘的第一塊加尼亞蟲化石等，並設有一塊野生動物空間，擺放着世界各地動物的填充模型。

恐龍與化石

新沃克博物館有着豐富的絕跡生物館藏。常設展品中包括兩具恐龍化石骨架：發掘於拉特蘭郡的鯨龍，以及出土於索爾河畔巴羅村的蛇頸龍亞目^[1]。

1968年6月，在拉特蘭郡小卡斯特通村附近威廉森·克里夫採石場發掘出了一具牛津鯨龍的骨架，暱稱「喬治」。這一骨架長達15米（49英尺），是世界上所發掘的蜥腳類恐龍化石中最為完整的骨架之一。自1975年起，這一具化石骨架就已存放在新沃克博物館中，由於該化石骨架極為脆弱，不便用於展示，因此館內展覽的大部分骨骼是原化石的複製品。^[4]^[5]這一拉特蘭鯨龍曾經在英國兒童節目《藍色彼得》中出鏡，並在1985年由《藍色彼得》的節目主持人珍妮特·誒利斯進行剪彩。

由英式醃魚而得名的「巴羅醃魚」是一具未經確認的蛇頸龍類骨架，於1851年於索爾河畔巴羅村發掘。「巴羅醃魚」最初被認為是巨顱蛇頸龍的骨架，但後來又被重新歸類為巨顱菱龍。然而，亞當·史密斯和加雷斯·戴克（2008年）認為這具化石骨架應當屬於另一種還沒有被命名的種類^[6]。

2011年9月，新沃克博物館對其恐龍展區作出了擴張，重新組織了化石的陳列，添加了一個新的展廳，並對整個展區進行了裝修。新的恐龍展區由大衛·阿滕伯勒剪彩，主要展示已滅絕的海生爬行動物^[7]^[1]。這一新展區的「鎮區之寶」包括前文提及的拉特蘭鯨龍、加尼亞蟲化石、蛇頸龍化石、利茲魚化石以及一小片巴爾維爾隕石。

新沃克博物館收藏着在國際上具有重要地位的加尼亞蟲化石。加尼亞蟲化石是首個被確認為來自前寒武紀時期的化石^[8]。在發現該化石之前，人們認為前寒武紀時期還未曾出現大型的生物形態^[9]。新沃克博物館所收藏的加尼亞蟲化石屬於「正型標本」，也就是一種生物被第一次鑑定並正式描述時所使用的物種實體，是「萊斯特的化石明星」^[10]。加尼亞蟲由其發現者羅傑·曼森命名。1957年，當曼森在查恩伍德森林里發現加尼亞蟲化石時，他還是一個學生。隨後，曼森成為了一位學術地質學家。據曼森所說，早在他發現加尼亞蟲化石的前一年，這塊化石就被另一位女學生發現了。新沃克博物館的加尼亞蟲化石展覽中也說明了這一點。這名女學生名為蒂娜·內格斯，然而，當時「並沒有人把她當回事兒」^[11]^[12]。

其它

新沃克博物館收藏有四具埃及木乃伊，分別名為帕-內基特-托伊、佩-伊努伊、貝斯-恩-馬特和塔-貝斯^[13]。博物館同時收藏有一隻使用剝製標本技術製成的北極熊「佩皮」，它是福克斯冰山薄荷品牌的吉祥物。

新沃克博物館擁有全英國最為豐富的德國表現主義畫作收藏。這些畫作包括格奧爾格·巴澤利茨、瓦西里·康定斯基以及保羅·克利的作品，均在二戰之前由納粹德國走私而來^[14]。納粹黨譴責了這些畫家的作品（詳情請見1937年頹廢藝術展覽）。德國猶太人實業家及藝術收藏家阿爾弗雷德·黑斯之子漢斯·黑斯曾擔任新沃克博物館的策展人助手。

2007年，理查·阿滕伯勒捐贈了百餘件畢加索陶瓷藝術藏品^[15]，在新沃克博物館內進行展覽。

臨時展覽

新沃克博物館的第一層是定期更改主題的臨時展覽廳。最近的展覽包括尋找英王理查三世的遺骸、《超級無敵掌門狗》相關展示、以及一場以戰爭的醜惡和和平的力量為主題的畫作和雕塑展，名為「從戰爭之魂到和平之手」^[16]。

參考資料

外部連結

Official website

Category:英國博物館 Category:萊斯特旅遊景點

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.leicester.gov.uk/leisure-and-culture/museums-and-galleries/museums-and-historic-venues/new-walk-museum-and-art-gallery/%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum and Art Gallery|accessdate=2018-03-06|work=www.leicester.gov.uk|language=en}}
^ {{Cite web|url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/museumstudies/rcmg/projects/new-walk-museum-vision/new-walk-museum-vision%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum Vision — University of Leicester|accessdate=2018-03-06|last=cj36|work=www2.le.ac.uk|language=en}}
^ {{Cite book|title=The Architectural Achievement of Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803–1882)|last=Harris|first=Penelope|publisher=The Edwin Mellen Press|year=2010|isbn=0-7734-3851-3|location=|pages=}}
^ Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507050449/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/therutlanddinosaur/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}
^ {{Cite journal|title=The Rutland Cetiosaurus: the anatomy and relationships of a Middle Jurassic British sauropod dinosaur|author=Upchurch P, Martin J|url=|journal=Palaeontology|issue=45|doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00275|others=|year=2002|volume=6|page=1049–1074|pmid=}}
^ {{Cite journal|title=A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany|author=Adam S. Smith|url=http://www.plesiosauria.com/pdf/smith&vincent_2010_meyerasaurus.pdf%7Cjournal=Palaeontology%7Cissue=53%7Cdoi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x%7Cothers=Peggy Vincent|year=2010|volume=5|page=1049-1063|pmid=}}
^ "Sir David Attenborough launches Dinosaur Gallery at Leicester's New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 September 2011.
^ Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507045254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/podcastcharniapartone/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}
^ {{Cite journal|title=Precambrian fossils from Charnwood Forest|author=Ford, T. D.|url=|journal=Yorkshire Geological Society Proceedings|issue=31|doi=10.1144/pygs.31.3.211|others=|year=1958|volume=3|page=211-217|pmid=}}
^ {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=Leicester’s fossil celebrity: Charnia and the evolution of early life|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|publisher=University of Leicester}}
^ {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=The discovery of Charnia masoni|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|last=Mason|first=Roger|publisher=University of Leicester}}
^ "In April 1957, I went rock-climbing in Charnwood Forest with two friends, Richard Allen and Richard Blachford (『Blach』), fellow students at Wyggeston Grammar School, Leicester. I was already interested in geology and knew that the rocks of the Charnian Supergroup were Precambrian although I had not heard of the Australian fossils. Richard Allen and I agree that Blach (who died in the early 1960s) drew my attention to the leaf-like fossil holotype now on display in Leicester City Museum. I took a rubbing and showed it to my father, who was Minister of the Great Meeting Unitarian Chapel in East Bond Street, taught part-time at University College (soon to be Leicester University) and thus knew Trevor Ford. We took Trevor to visit the fossil site and convinced him that it was a genuine fossil. His publication of the discovery in the Journal of the Yorkshire Geological Society established the genus Charnia and aroused worldwide interest. ... I was able to report the discovery because of my father’s encouragement and the enquiring approach fostered by my science teachers. Tina Negus saw the frond before I did but no one took her seriously."
^ Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715074254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/ancientegypt/%7Cdate=15 July 2014}}
^ {{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-29475742%7Ctitle=Leicester New Walk Museum exhibits German Expressionist art|author=|date=3 October 2014|work=BBC|accessdate=5 April 2016}}
^ Lewis, Caroline. "Attenborough donates Picasso ceramics collection to Leicester New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 June 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
^ "New art exhibition highlights the contrasts between war and peace", Leicester City Council, 23 March 2011.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.leicester.gov.uk/leisure-and-culture/museums-and-galleries/museums-and-historic-venues/new-walk-museum-and-art-gallery/%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum and Art Gallery|accessdate=2018-03-06|work=www.leicester.gov.uk|language=en}}

[2] {{Cite web|url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/museumstudies/rcmg/projects/new-walk-museum-vision/new-walk-museum-vision%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum Vision — University of Leicester|accessdate=2018-03-06|last=cj36|work=www2.le.ac.uk|language=en}}

[3] {{Cite book|title=The Architectural Achievement of Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803–1882)|last=Harris|first=Penelope|publisher=The Edwin Mellen Press|year=2010|isbn=0-7734-3851-3|location=|pages=}}

[4] Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507050449/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/therutlanddinosaur/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}

[5] {{Cite journal|title=The Rutland Cetiosaurus: the anatomy and relationships of a Middle Jurassic British sauropod dinosaur|author=Upchurch P, Martin J|url=|journal=Palaeontology|issue=45|doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00275|others=|year=2002|volume=6|page=1049–1074|pmid=}}

[6] {{Cite journal|title=A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany|author=Adam S. Smith|url=http://www.plesiosauria.com/pdf/smith&vincent_2010_meyerasaurus.pdf%7Cjournal=Palaeontology%7Cissue=53%7Cdoi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x%7Cothers=Peggy Vincent|year=2010|volume=5|page=1049-1063|pmid=}}

[7] "Sir David Attenborough launches Dinosaur Gallery at Leicester's New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 September 2011.

[8] Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507045254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/podcastcharniapartone/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}

[9] {{Cite journal|title=Precambrian fossils from Charnwood Forest|author=Ford, T. D.|url=|journal=Yorkshire Geological Society Proceedings|issue=31|doi=10.1144/pygs.31.3.211|others=|year=1958|volume=3|page=211-217|pmid=}}

[10] {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=Leicester’s fossil celebrity: Charnia and the evolution of early life|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|publisher=University of Leicester}}

[11] {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=The discovery of Charnia masoni|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|last=Mason|first=Roger|publisher=University of Leicester}}

[12] "In April 1957, I went rock-climbing in Charnwood Forest with two friends, Richard Allen and Richard Blachford (『Blach』), fellow students at Wyggeston Grammar School, Leicester. I was already interested in geology and knew that the rocks of the Charnian Supergroup were Precambrian although I had not heard of the Australian fossils. Richard Allen and I agree that Blach (who died in the early 1960s) drew my attention to the leaf-like fossil holotype now on display in Leicester City Museum. I took a rubbing and showed it to my father, who was Minister of the Great Meeting Unitarian Chapel in East Bond Street, taught part-time at University College (soon to be Leicester University) and thus knew Trevor Ford. We took Trevor to visit the fossil site and convinced him that it was a genuine fossil. His publication of the discovery in the Journal of the Yorkshire Geological Society established the genus Charnia and aroused worldwide interest. ... I was able to report the discovery because of my father’s encouragement and the enquiring approach fostered by my science teachers. Tina Negus saw the frond before I did but no one took her seriously."

[13] Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715074254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/ancientegypt/%7Cdate=15 July 2014}}

[14] {{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-29475742%7Ctitle=Leicester New Walk Museum exhibits German Expressionist art|author=|date=3 October 2014|work=BBC|accessdate=5 April 2016}}

[15] Lewis, Caroline. "Attenborough donates Picasso ceramics collection to Leicester New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 June 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2009.

[16] "New art exhibition highlights the contrasts between war and peace", Leicester City Council, 23 March 2011.

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