凹塔螺屬

凹塔螺屬
	凹塔螺活體
	Retusa leptoeneilema的一組貝殼
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
演化支：	真後鰓類 Euopisthobranchia
目：	頭楯目 Cephalaspidea
科：	凹塔螺科 Retusidae
屬：	凹塔螺屬 Retusa; T. Brown, 1827
模式種
	Bulla obtusa Montagu, 1803;
異名
	Coleophysis P. Fischer, 1883; Cylichnina Monterosato, 1884; Mamilloretusa F. Nordsieck, 1972; Retua [sic] (misspelling); Retusa (Coleophysis) P. Pischer, 1883; Retusa (Cylichnina) Monterosato, 1884; Retusa (Retusa) Brown, 1827; Tornatina (Coleophysis) P. Fischer, 1883; Utriculus T. Brown, 1844 (Invalid: junior homonym of Utriculus Schumacher, 1817);

凹塔螺屬（學名：Retusa），又名囊螺屬或冰柱螺屬，是頭楯目凹塔螺科之下一個海洋生物的屬^[2]。

物種

根據WoRMS，本屬目前有約100個物種^[2]：

Retusa abyssicola Valdés, 2008
Retusa agulhasensis Thiele, 1925
Retusa amphizosta (Watson, 1886)
Retusa atkinsoni (Tenison-Woods, 1876)
Retusa canariensis (Nordsieck & Talavera, 1979)
Retusa candidula (Locard, 1892)
Retusa chrysoma Burn in Burn & Bell, 1974
Retusa chukchii Chaban, 2008
Retusa complanata (Watson, 1883)
Retusa crebrisculpta (Monterosato, 1884)
Retusa crispula (Watson, 1883)
Retusa crossei (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1886)
Retusa desgenettii (Audouin, 1826)
Retusa diaphana Valdés, 2008
† Retusa ennucleata (Powell & Bartrum, 1929)
Retusa famelica Watson, 1883
Retusa frielei (Dall, 1881)
Retusa golikovi Chaban, 2004
冰柱螺 Retusa insignis (Pilsbry, 1904)^[3]
Retusa insolita Valdés, 2008
Retusa instabilis Minichev, 1971
Retusa laevisculpta (Granata-Grillo, 1877)
Retusa lata Chaban & Chernyshev, 2013
Retusa lenis Valdés, 2008
Retusa leptoeneilema (Brusina, 1866)
Retusa mammillata (Philippi, 1836)
Retusa mariei (Dautzenberg, 1889)
Retusa mayoi (Dall, 1889)
小囊螺 Retusa minima Yamakawa, 1911
Retusa minutissima (Monterosato, 1878)
Retusa montereyensis Smith & Gordon, 1948
Retusa multiquadrata Oberling, 1970 (taxon inquirendum; needs investigation)
Retusa natalensis Barnard, 1963
Retusa nitidula (Lovén, 1846)
Retusa obtusa (Montagu, 1803)
Retusa operculata Minichev, 1966
Retusa opima (Finlay, 1926)
Retusa oruaensis (Webster, 1908)
† Retusa otahuhuensis (Laws, 1950)
Retusa ovoides (Milaschewitsch, 1916)
卵囊螺 Retusa ovulina Lin, 1991
Retusa pellucida (Sars G. O., 1878)
Retusa pelyx Burn in Burn & Bell, 1974
Retusa pervia (Dall, 1889)
Retusa pharetra Hedley, 1909
† Retusa pressa Marwick, 1928
Retusa protumida (Hedley, 1903)
Retusa pygmaea (A. Adams, 1850)
Retusa robagliana (P. Fischer, 1869)
Retusa sakuraii (Habe, 1958)
Retusa sculpta (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1913)
† Retusa segnis (Laws, 1940)
Retusa semen (Reeve, 1855)
† Retusa soror (Suter, 1917)
Retusa sosa Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969
Retusa striata (Hutton, 1873)
Retusa succincta (A. Adams, 1862)
Retusa sulcata (d'Orbigny, 1841)
Retusa tarutana Smythe, 1979
Retusa tenerifensis (Nordsieck & Talavera, 1979)
Retusa tornata (Watson, 1886)
Retusa toyamaensis (Habe, 1955)
Retusa trunca Valdés, 2008
Retusa truncatula (Bruguière, 1792)
Retusa umbilicata (Montagu, 1803)
Retusa variabilis (Milaschewitsch, 1912)
束腰冰柱螺 Retusa waughiana Hedley, 1899^[4]
Retusa xystrum Dall, 1919

異名：

Retusa alayoi (Espinosa & Ortea, 2004)：今作Colinatys alayoi (Espinosa & Ortea, 2004)
Retusa anderssoni Strebel, 1908：今作Diaphana anderssoni (Strebel, 1908)
Retusa antarctica Melvill & Standen, 1912：今作Diaphana paessleri (Strebel, 1905)
Retusa apiculata (Tate, 1879)：今作Tornatina apiculata (Tate, 1879)：今作Acteocina apiculata (Tate, 1879)
Retusa caelata (Bush, 1885)：今作Pyrunculus caelatus (Bush, 1885)
Retusa carinensis de Gregorio, 1889：今作Retusa truncatula (Bruguière, 1792)
Retusa cumberlandiana Strebel, 1908：今作Cylichna cumberlandiana (Strebel, 1908)
Retusa desgenettesi (Audouin, 1827)：今作Retusa desgenettii (Audouin, 1826)
Retusa dilatata Pallary, 1904：今作Retusa truncatula (Bruguière, 1792)
Retusa domita (Dall, 1889)：今作Cylichnium domitum (Dall, 1908)
Retusa eumicra (Crosse in Crosse & Fischer, 1865)：今作Tornatina eumicra (Crosse, 1865)：今作Acteocina eumicra (Crosse, 1865)
Retusa fourierii (Audouin, 1826)：今作Pyrunculus fourierii (Audouin, 1826)
Retusa frigida Hedley, 1916：今作Diaphana paessleri (Strebel, 1905)
Retusa gaimardi Finlay, 1927：今作飾擬捻螺Acteocina decorata (Pilsbry, 1904)
Retusa girardi (Audouin, 1826)：今作Ventomnestia girardi (Audouin, 1826)
Retusa gordonis Yokoyama, 1927：今作Acteocina gordonis (Yokoyama, 1927)
Retusa inflata Strebel, 1908：今作Diaphana inflata (Strebel, 1908)
Retusa lactea (Jeffreys, 1877)：今作Diaphana lactea (Jeffreys, 1877)
Retusa mariateresae Parenzan, 1970：今作Bulla striata Bruguière, 1792
Retusa marshalli Sykes, 1904：今作Diaphana marshalli (Sykes, 1904)
Retusa matusimana Nomura, 1939：今作Decorifer matusimanus (Nomura, 1939)
Retusa obtusata ：今作Retusa obtusa (Montagu, 1803)
Retusa pellucida (Brown, 1827)：今作Diaphana minuta T. Brown, 1827
Retusa pertenuis (Mighels, 1843)：今作Retusa obtusa (Montagu, 1803)
Retusa pfefferi Strebel, 1908：今作Diaphana pfefferi (Strebel, 1908)
Retusa piriformis Nordsieck, 1972：今作Retusa truncatula (Bruguière, 1792)
Retusa semen Thiele, 1925：今作Pyrunculus pyriformis (A. Adams, 1850)
Retusa semisulcata (Philippi, 1836)：今作Retusa truncatula (Bruguière, 1792)
Retusa strigella (Lovén, 1846)：今作Cylichnina umbilicata (Montagu, 1803)：今作Retusa umbilicata (Montagu, 1803)
Retusa subcylindrica (Brown, 1827)：今作Cylichnina umbilicata (Montagu, 1803)：今作Retusa umbilicata (Montagu, 1803)
Retusa tohokuensis Nomura, 1939：今作Acteocina tohokuensis (Nomura, 1939)
Retusa truncatoides Nomura, 1939：今作Acteocina truncatoides (Nomura, 1939)
Retusa turrita Møller, 1842：今作Retusa obtusa (Montagu, 1803)

參看

半凹塔螺屬（Semiretusa）

參考文獻

^ Brown T. (1827). Ill. Conch. G.B. & I., pl. xxxviii, fig. 1.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Bouchet, Philippe; Gofas, Serge. Retusa T. Brown, 1827. WoRMS. 2017-09-26 [2017-11-03].
^ 冰柱螺 Retusa insignis (Pilsbry, 1904). 臺灣生物多樣性資訊機構（TaiBIF）（中文（臺灣））.
^ 束腰冰柱螺 Retusa waughiana Hedley, 1899. 臺灣生物多樣性資訊機構（TaiBIF）（中文（臺灣））.

Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213

[1] Brown T. (1827). Ill. Conch. G.B. & I., pl. xxxviii, fig. 1.

[WoRMS_138432-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Bouchet, Philippe; Gofas, Serge. Retusa T. Brown, 1827. WoRMS. 2017-09-26 [2017-11-03].

[3] 冰柱螺 Retusa insignis (Pilsbry, 1904). 臺灣生物多樣性資訊機構（TaiBIF）（中文（臺灣））.

[4] 束腰冰柱螺 Retusa waughiana Hedley, 1899. 臺灣生物多樣性資訊機構（TaiBIF）（中文（臺灣））.

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