前扣帶皮層

前扣帶皮層
前扣帶皮層
	前扣帶皮層（黃色標記處）
	前扣帶皮層位於布羅德曼分區系統第24、32、33分區
標識字符
拉丁文	Cortex cingularis anterior
NeuroNames（英語：NeuroNames）	161
NeuroLex（英語：NeuroLex） ID	birnlex_936
	《神經解剖學術語（英語：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》 [在維基數據上編輯]

前扣帶皮層（英文：Anterior cingulate cortex），在人腦中，是大腦扣帶皮層的前部，包圍了胼胝體的前部^[1]。前扣帶皮層屬於布羅德曼分區系統第24、25、32、33分區^[1]。前扣帶皮層參與了許多腦部的高階功能，包括注意力分配^[2]、獎勵、決策^[3]、道德及倫理^[4]、衝動控制（譬如錯誤檢測與糾正）^[5]、情感^[6]^[7]等。

結構

在解剖學上，前扣帶皮層位於後扣帶皮層前部，可分為背部（認知區）、前部（情感區）^[8]。背部常被稱為「中扣帶皮層（midcingulate cortex）」，與前額葉皮質、頂葉、運動系統等區域相連，使其成為「自上而下和自下而上刺激」的核心站^[1]^[9]。前部則與杏仁核、伏隔核、下丘腦、丘腦、前島葉等相連，參與評估情感顯化和激勵性信息^[9]。

特別的是，前扣帶皮層含有紡錘體神經元（僅在人類及其它靈長類動物、大象、鯨豚類動物上發現），與腦部處理困難問題的功能有關^[10]^[11]。

功能

許多研究認為，前扣帶皮層參與了錯誤檢測與糾正、任務預期、激勵、注意力、情感調控等功能^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。在壓力環境下，前扣帶皮層可能還參與調節自主神經系統，譬如調節血壓和心率^[12]。

臨床

前扣帶皮層異常可能與強迫症、情緒不穩、無法認知錯誤、無動性緘默症（英語：Akinetic mutism）、社交焦慮等病症有關^[8]^[13]^[14]。

圖像

左側大腦半球：前扣帶皮層在紅色標記處

參見

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Jumah, Fareed R.; Dossani, Rimal H. Neuroanatomy, Cingulate Cortex. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021 [2021-04-04]. PMID 30725762. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-10）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Pardo JV, Pardo PJ, Janer KW, Raichle ME. The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. January 1990, 87 (1): 256–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87..256P. PMC 53241 . PMID 2296583. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.256.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Bush G, Vogt BA, Holmes J, Dale AM, Greve D, Jenike MA, Rosen BR. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: a role in reward-based decision making. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. January 2002, 99 (1): 523–8. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99..523B. PMC 117593 . PMID 11756669. doi:10.1073/pnas.012470999.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Sevinc G, Gurvit H, Spreng RN. Salience network engagement with the detection of morally laden information. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. July 2017, 12 (7): 1118–1127. PMC 5490682 . PMID 28338944. doi:10.1093/scan/nsx035.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Golchert, Johannes; Smallwood, Jonathan; Jefferies, Elizabeth; Liem, Franziskus; Huntenburg, Julia M.; Falkiewicz, Marcel; Lauckner, Mark E.; Oligschläger, Sabine; Villringer, Arno. In need of constraint: Understanding the role of the cingulate cortex in the impulsive mind. NeuroImage. 2017-02-01, 146: 804–813. ISSN 1095-9572. PMID 27989844. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.041.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Decety J, Jackson PL. The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews. June 2004, 3 (2): 71–100. PMID 15537986. doi:10.1177/1534582304267187.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Jackson, Philip L.; Brunet, Eric; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Decety, Jean. Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain. Neuropsychologia. 2006, 44 (5): 752–761 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0028-3932. PMID 16140345. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.015. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-25）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Bush, George; Luu, Phan; Posner, Michael I.; Bush, George; Luu, Phan; Posner, Michael I.; Bush, George; Luu, Phan; Posner, Michael I. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2000-06-01, 4 (6): 215–222 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 1364-6613. PMID 10827444. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01483-2. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-11）（英語）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Posner MI, DiGirolamo GJ. Executive attention: Conflict, target detection, and cognitive control. Parasuraman R (編). The attentive brain. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 1998. ISBN 0-262-16172-9.
^ Brain Cells for Socializing. Smithsonian Magazine. [2021-04-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-23）（英語）.
^ Allman JM, Hakeem A, Erwin JM, Nimchinsky E, Hof P. The anterior cingulate cortex. The evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. May 2001, 935: 107–17. Bibcode:2001NYASA.935..107A. PMID 11411161. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03476.x.
^ Gianaros, Peter J.; Derbyshire, Stuart W. G.; May, J. Christopher; Siegle, Greg J.; Gamalo, Mark A.; Jennings, J. Richard. Anterior cingulate activity correlates with blood pressure during stress. Psychophysiology. 2005-11, 42 (6): 627–635 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0048-5772. PMC 2246096 . PMID 16364058. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00366.x. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）.
^ McGovern, Robert A.; Sheth, Sameer A. Role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder: converging evidence from cognitive neuroscience and psychiatric neurosurgery. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2017-01, 126 (1): 132–147 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 1933-0693. PMID 27035167. doi:10.3171/2016.1.JNS15601. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.
^ Lieberman, Matthew D.; Eisenberger, Naomi I. Pains and Pleasures of Social Life. Science. 2009-02-13, 323 (5916): 890–891 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19213907. doi:10.1126/science.1170008. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-16）（英語）.

[:6-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Jumah, Fareed R.; Dossani, Rimal H. Neuroanatomy, Cingulate Cortex. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021 [2021-04-04]. PMID 30725762. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-10）.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Pardo JV, Pardo PJ, Janer KW, Raichle ME. The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. January 1990, 87 (1): 256–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87..256P. PMC 53241 . PMID 2296583. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.256.

[Bush02-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Bush G, Vogt BA, Holmes J, Dale AM, Greve D, Jenike MA, Rosen BR. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: a role in reward-based decision making. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. January 2002, 99 (1): 523–8. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99..523B. PMC 117593 . PMID 11756669. doi:10.1073/pnas.012470999.

[:1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Sevinc G, Gurvit H, Spreng RN. Salience network engagement with the detection of morally laden information. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. July 2017, 12 (7): 1118–1127. PMC 5490682 . PMID 28338944. doi:10.1093/scan/nsx035.

[:2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Golchert, Johannes; Smallwood, Jonathan; Jefferies, Elizabeth; Liem, Franziskus; Huntenburg, Julia M.; Falkiewicz, Marcel; Lauckner, Mark E.; Oligschläger, Sabine; Villringer, Arno. In need of constraint: Understanding the role of the cingulate cortex in the impulsive mind. NeuroImage. 2017-02-01, 146: 804–813. ISSN 1095-9572. PMID 27989844. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.041.

[:3-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Decety J, Jackson PL. The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews. June 2004, 3 (2): 71–100. PMID 15537986. doi:10.1177/1534582304267187.

[:4-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Jackson, Philip L.; Brunet, Eric; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Decety, Jean. Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain. Neuropsychologia. 2006, 44 (5): 752–761 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0028-3932. PMID 16140345. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.015. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-25）.

[:5-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Bush, George; Luu, Phan; Posner, Michael I.; Bush, George; Luu, Phan; Posner, Michael I.; Bush, George; Luu, Phan; Posner, Michael I. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2000-06-01, 4 (6): 215–222 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 1364-6613. PMID 10827444. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01483-2. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-11）（英語）.

[Posner98-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Posner MI, DiGirolamo GJ. Executive attention: Conflict, target detection, and cognitive control. Parasuraman R (編). The attentive brain. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 1998. ISBN 0-262-16172-9.

[10] Brain Cells for Socializing. Smithsonian Magazine. [2021-04-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-23）（英語）.

[11] Allman JM, Hakeem A, Erwin JM, Nimchinsky E, Hof P. The anterior cingulate cortex. The evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. May 2001, 935: 107–17. Bibcode:2001NYASA.935..107A. PMID 11411161. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03476.x.

[12] Gianaros, Peter J.; Derbyshire, Stuart W. G.; May, J. Christopher; Siegle, Greg J.; Gamalo, Mark A.; Jennings, J. Richard. Anterior cingulate activity correlates with blood pressure during stress. Psychophysiology. 2005-11, 42 (6): 627–635 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0048-5772. PMC 2246096 . PMID 16364058. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00366.x. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）.

[13] McGovern, Robert A.; Sheth, Sameer A. Role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder: converging evidence from cognitive neuroscience and psychiatric neurosurgery. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2017-01, 126 (1): 132–147 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 1933-0693. PMID 27035167. doi:10.3171/2016.1.JNS15601. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.

[14] Lieberman, Matthew D.; Eisenberger, Naomi I. Pains and Pleasures of Social Life. Science. 2009-02-13, 323 (5916): 890–891 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19213907. doi:10.1126/science.1170008. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-16）（英語）.

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