副狒
副狒屬![]() | |
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Fossil
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科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
目: | 靈長目 Primates |
科: | 猴科 Cercopithecidae |
亞科: | 獼猴亞科 Cercopithecinae |
族: | 狒狒族 Papionini |
屬: | †副狒屬 Parapapio Jones, 1937 |
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副狒(Parapapio)是一屬史前的狒狒,外表像森林的白瞼猴。副狒與狒狒不同的是,牠的眉嵴很窄,沒有犬齒窩或矢狀嵴,只有少許兩性異形。[1]
現時已知有四個副狒的物種,包括P. jonesi、P. whitei、P. broomi及P. antiquus,但這些分類卻仍有一些爭議。傳統上,這些物種都只在臼齒的大小來作出分野,如P. jonesi的臼齒最細小,P. whitei的則最大,但是P. broomi的臼齒差異卻與這兩種副狒一致。[2]P. jonesi的鼻端較P. whitei的更為方形,但較Pp. broomi為圓。這些分野實在太微小,故有需要更完善的分類條件。[1]
雖然一些學者指副狒分類有問題,但卻不贊成重新分類。這是由於P. broomi與P. jonesi的平均牙齒大小或同位素特徵沒有明顯差異[3],這顯示牠們可能是兩性異形的同一物種。[4]但是P. broomi及P. whitei的差異範圍重疊,並且沒有統計學上的差異[5],故有建議指牠們其實是同一物種。[2]更複雜的是,P. jonesi的標本在面部特徵上都與其他副狒有明顯不同。
參考
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Frost, S. R. and E. Delson. Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 2002, 43: 687–748.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 F.L. Williams, R. R. A., S.R. Leigh. Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2006.
- ^ Thackeray, F., D. Codron; et al. Stable carbon isotope analyses of Parapapio tooth enamel from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science. 2005, 110: 483–484.
- ^ Thackeray, F. and S. Myer. Parapapio broomi and Parapapio jonesi from Sterkfontein: males and females of one species?. Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 2004, 41: 79–82.
- ^ Frost, S. R., L. F. Marcus; et al. Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (primates: Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275A (2): 1048–1072.
外部連結
- Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
- Proctor, Darby. Taxon, Site and Temporal Differentiation Using Dental Microwear in the Southern African Papionins. M.A. Thesis. Georgia State University, 2007.
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