理查德·塔魯斯金
| 理查德·塔魯斯金 | |
|---|---|
 2014年的塔魯斯金 | |
| 出生 | 1945年4月2日 美國紐約市 |
| 逝世 | 2022年7月1日（77歲） 美國加利福尼亞州奧克蘭 |
| 配偶 | Cathy Roebuck（1984年結婚） |
| 兒女 | 2 |
| 獎項 | |
| 學術背景 | |
| 教育程度 | 哥倫比亞大學（文學學士、文學碩士、哲學博士） |
| 學術工作 | |
| 學科 | 俄國音樂 |
| 研究機構 | |
| 著名作品 | 《牛津西方音樂史》 |
理查德·菲勒·塔魯斯金（英語：Richard Filler Taruskin，1945年4月2日—2022年7月1日），美國音樂學家、音樂評論家，是同代音樂史學家中的最傑出的領頭人物之一。[1]他廣泛挖掘史料，結合社會學、文化、政治視野的音樂分析，引發了許多討論、辯論和爭議。[2][3]他定期為《紐約時報》等報紙撰寫音樂評論。塔魯斯金研究過各種各樣的課題，但主要是18世紀至今的俄國音樂。[4]其他涉獵的課題包括表演理論、15世紀音樂、20世紀古典音樂、民族主義音樂、現代性理論、音樂分析等。[4]最為著稱的是對西方古典音樂研究的六卷本鴻篇巨帙《牛津西方音樂史》。[2][5]:124–125受獎若干，包括1978年美國音樂學學會首次頒發的諾亞·格林伯格獎，以及2017年的京都獎。
早年生活、教育背景
理查德·菲勒·塔魯斯金[6]1945年4月2日出生於紐約，[4]生長於一個「自由主義、知識分子、猶太人音樂世家」。母親Beatrice Filler是鋼琴教師，父親Benjamin是業餘小提琴家。[2][7]他入讀音樂美術高中（現屬Fiorello H. LaGuardia高中）學習大提琴。[2]後獲哥倫比亞大學優等文學學士（1965）、文學碩士（1968）和音樂史學的哲學博士學位（1976）。[7]他指揮過哥倫比亞大學音樂學會合唱團。1970年代末至1980年代末在Aulos樂團演奏古大提琴。[2][4]
博士學習期間，他師從保羅·亨利·朗。朗是將音樂置於社會文化語境中進行研究的先驅，著有《西方文化中的音樂》。[6]通過一名十月革命後仍留在俄國的親戚，塔魯斯金接觸到了一些不太為人知的俄國歌劇唱片，激發了他對俄國音樂的興趣。他靠富布賴特獎學金去莫斯科一年，期間不僅對俄國的語言和音樂產生了興趣，還對音樂與社會、政治史的聯繫產生興趣。1980年代，塔魯斯金在紐約公共圖書館考察了斯特拉文斯基的檔案文件。[1]
職業生涯
1975–1986年，塔魯斯金任教於哥倫比亞大學[6]。後來到加利福尼亞大學伯克利分校任音樂學教授，[1]2014年底從伯克利分校退休。[8]
1981年出版第一本書《1860年代俄國歌劇、戲劇的言傳與身教》（Opera and Drama in Russia as Preached and Practiced in the 1860s）。[6]他還寫有大量普及性著作，其中有1980年代中期開始為《紐約時報》撰寫的一些文章，[6][9]這些文章「生動，博學，能言善辯」[6]且極富爭議，評論對象有艾略特·卡特、奧爾夫、普羅科菲耶夫等。[6]這些文章多被收入將塔魯斯金譽為影響復古風格演奏運動的評論家[1][2][9]的《文本與行動》（Text and Act）一書，[10]以及《「危險的音樂」等反烏托邦文章》（The Danger of Music and Other Anti-Utopian Essays）[11]和《論俄國音樂》（On Russian Music）[12]等書中。他的文章多從社會、文化、政治議題中討論音樂——例如審查制度，特別是對約翰·亞當斯歌劇《克林霍弗之死》的辯論。[13][n 1]
1996年的全面研究《斯特拉文斯基及其俄國傳統——從歌劇〈馬芙拉〉觀其創作史》發現斯特拉文斯基其實大量借鑑着俄國民間音樂素材，並分析了造成斯特拉文斯基不願透露這些借用的歷史原因。[1][14]
塔魯斯金對西方古典音樂的研究見於六卷《牛津西方音樂史》。[2][5]:124–125其中第一卷專論從最早的有文獻音樂到16世紀的音樂，「從歷史、美術和建築中編織事實和印象」，引人入勝地介紹早期音樂。[6]
個人生活·逝世
塔魯斯金1984年與Cathy Roebuck結婚，育有子女二人。[1][6]2022年7月1日因食道癌逝於加利福尼亞州奧克蘭，享年77歲。[6][7][15]
獲獎與榮譽
塔魯斯金所獲學術獎項眾多。1978年他以對奧克岡的《短拍彌撒》的研究和表演收穫美國音樂學學會（AMS）頒發的首個諾亞·格林伯格獎。[16]他還獲美國音樂學學會的阿爾弗雷德·愛因斯坦獎（1980），英國皇家音樂協會的登特獎章（1987）。[17]1997年和2006年兩次獲美國音樂學學會的Otto Kinkeldey獎。[4]1998年入選美國哲學學會。[18]美國作曲家、作家和發行商協會1988年授予他Deems Taylor獎，[19]2006年再次授獎。[20]2017年獲京都獎（音樂類）。[8][9][21]
2012年，普林斯頓大學召開「音樂史終結之後」大會，表彰其貢獻。[6]
出版著作
圖書
- Taruskin, Richard. Opera and Drama in Russia: As Preached and Practiced in the 1860s. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0-8357-1245-3. Republished in 1993, Rochester: University of Rochester Press
- ——; Weiss, P. (編). Music in the Western World: A History in Documents. New York: G. Schirmer. 1984. ISBN 978-0-02-872900-8.
- ——. Musorgsky: Eight Essays and an Epilogue. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-691-01623-8. JSTOR j.ctv18zhdkh. S2CID 241012607. doi:10.2307/j.ctv18zhdkh.
- ——. Text and Act: Essays on Music and Performance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-19-535743-1.
- ——. Stravinsky and the Russian Traditions: A Biography of the Works through Mavra. 2 volumes. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1996. ISBN 978-0-520-07099-8.
- ——. Defining Russia Musically: Historical and Hermeneutical essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-691-01156-1. JSTOR j.ctv15r5dmx. S2CID 193710371. doi:10.2307/j.ctv15r5dmx.
- ——. The Oxford History of Western Music. 6 volumes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005.
- ——. The Danger of Music And Other Anti-Utopian Essays. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-26805-0.
- ——. On Russian Music. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-26806-7. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1ppqnq.
- Karlinsky, Simon. ——; Karlinsky, Simon; Hughes, Robert P.; Koster, Thomas A. , 編. Freedom from Violence and Lies: Essays on Russian Poetry and Music (PDF). Boston: Academic Studies Press. 2013. ISBN 978-1-61811-158-6. JSTOR j.ctt1zxsk34. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1zxsk34.
- ——; Allanbrook, Wye Jamison; Smart, Mary Ann (編). The Secular Commedia: Comic Mimesis in Late Eighteenth-Century Music. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0-520-27407-5.
- ——. Russian Music at Home and Abroad: New Essays. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2016. ISBN 978-0-520-28809-6. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1dnncjs.
- ——. Cursed Question: On Music and Its Social Practices. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2020. ISBN 978-0-520-34429-7.
合著章節
- Taruskin, Richard. The Musicologist and the Performer. Holoman, D. Kern; Palisca, Claude V. (編). Musicology in the 1980s: Methods, Goals, Opportunities. New York: Da Capo Press. 1982: 107–117. ISBN 978-0-306-76188-1.
- ——. 'Little Star': an Etude in the Folk Style. Brown, Malcolm Hamrick (編). Musorgsky, in Memoriam, 1881–1981. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press. 1982: 57–84. ISBN 978-0-8357-1295-8.
- ——. Handel, Shakespeare, and Musorgksy: The Sources and Limits of Russian Musical Realism. Music and Language. Studies in the history of music 1. New York: Broude Bros. 1983: 247–268. ISBN 978-0-8450-7401-5.
- ——. “The Present in the Past”: Russian Opera and Russian Historiography, ca. 1870. Brown, Malcolm Hamrick (編). Russian and Soviet Music: Essays for Boris Schwarz. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press. 1984: 77–146. ISBN 978-0-8357-1295-8.
- ——. The Rite Revisited: the Idea and the Sources of its Scenario. Hatch, Christopher; Strainchamps, Edmond; Maniates, Maria Rika (編). Music and Civilization: Essays in Honor of Paul Henry Lang. New York: W. W. Norton. 1984: 183–202. ISBN 978-0-393-01677-2.
- ——. Serov and Musorgsky. Brown, Malcolm Hamrick; Wiley, Roland John (編). Slavonic and Western Music: Essays for Gerald Abraham. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press. 1985: 139–161. ISBN 978-0-8357-1594-2.
- ——. From Subject to Style: Stravinsky and the Painters. Pasler, Jann (編). Confronting Stravinsky: Man, Musician, and Modernist. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1986: 16–38 [1982]. ISBN 978-0-520-05403-5.
- ——. Stravinsky’s "Rejoicing Discovery" and what it Meant: in Defense of his Notorious Text Setting. Haimo, Ethan; Johnson, Paul (編). Stravinsky Retrospectives. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1987: 162–200. ISBN 978-0-8032-7301-6.
- ——. The Pastness of the Present and the Presence of the Past. Kenyon, Nicholas (編). Authenticity and Early Music: A Symposium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1988: 137–210. ISBN 978-0-19-816152-3.
- ——. The Traditional Revisited: Stravinsky’s Requiem Canticles as Russian Music. Hatch, Christopher; Bernstein, David W. (編). Music Theory and the Exploration of the Past. Chicago: Chicago University Press. 1995: 525–550. ISBN 978-0-226-31902-5.
- ——. From Fairy Tale to Opera in Four Moves (Not so Simple). Bauman, Thomas; McClymonds, Marita Petzoldt (編). Opera and the Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995: 299–307. ISBN 978-0-521-46172-6.
- ——. Public Lies and Unspeakable Truth: Interpreting Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony. Fanning, David (編). Shostakovich Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995: 17–56. ISBN 978-0-511-55140-6. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511551406.002.
文章
- Taruskin, Richard. Realism as Preached and Practiced: The Russian Opera Dialogue. The Musical Quarterly (Oxford University Press). July 1970, 56 (3): 431–454. JSTOR 741247. doi:10.1093/mq/LVI.3.431.
- ——. Glinka's Ambiguous Legacy and the Birth Pangs of Russian Opera. 19th-Century Music (University of California Press). November 1977, 1 (2): 142–162. JSTOR 746475. doi:10.2307/746475.
- ——. Opera and Drama in Russia: The Case of Serov's "Judith". Journal of the American Musicological Society (University of California Press). Spring 1979, 32 (1): 74–117. JSTOR 831269. doi:10.2307/831269.
- ——. Russian Folk Melodies in "The Rite of Spring". Journal of the American Musicological Society (University of California Press). Autumn 1980, 33 (3): 501–543. JSTOR 831304. doi:10.2307/831304.
- ——. On Letting the Music Speak for Itself: some Reflections on Musicology and Performance. The Journal of Musicology (University of California Press). June 1982, 1 (3): 338–349. JSTOR 763881. doi:10.2307/763881.
- ——. How the Acorn Took Root: A Tale of Russia. 19th-Century Music (University of California Press). Spring 1983, 6 (3): 189–212. JSTOR 746585. doi:10.2307/746585.
- ——. Some Thoughts on the History and Historiography of Russian Music. The Journal of Musicology (University of California Press). Autumn 1984, 3 (4): 321–339. JSTOR 763585. doi:10.2307/763585.
- ——. Musorgsky vs. Musorgsky: The Versions of "Boris Godunov". 19th-Century Music (University of California Press). Autumn 1984, 8 (2): 91–118, 241–256. JSTOR 746756. doi:10.2307/746756.
- ——. Chernomor to Kashchei: Harmonic Sorcery; Or, Stravinsky's "Angle". Journal of the American Musicological Society (University of California Press). Spring 1985, 38 (1): 72–142. JSTOR 831550. doi:10.2307/831550.
- ——. Antoine Busnoys and the "L'Homme armé" Tradition. Journal of the American Musicological Society (University of California Press). Summer 1986, 39 (2): 255–293. JSTOR 831531. doi:10.2307/831531.
- ——. Chez Pétrouchka: Harmony and Tonality "chez" Stravinsky. 19th-Century Music (University of California Press). Spring 1987, 10 (3): 265–286. JSTOR 746439. doi:10.2307/746439.
- ——. Resisting the Ninth. 19th-Century Music (University of California Press). Spring 1989, 12 (3): 241–256. JSTOR 746505. doi:10.2307/746505.
- ——. 'Jews and Geniuses': An Exchange. The New York Review of Books. June 15, 1989 [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-19）.
- ——. Tradition and Authority. Early Music (Oxford University Press). May 1992, 20 (2): 311–314+317–320+323–325. JSTOR 3127887. doi:10.1093/earlyj/XX.2.311.
- ——. 'Entoiling the Falconet': Russian Musical Orientalism in Context. Cambridge Opera Journal (Cambridge University Press). November 1992, 4 (3): 253–280. JSTOR 823694. doi:10.1017/S0954586700003797.
- ——. Busnoys and Chaikovsky. International Journal of Musicology. 1995,. 4, A Birthday Offering for George Perle: 111–137. JSTOR 24617753.
- ——. A Myth of the Twentieth Century: The Rite of Spring, the Tradition of the New, and the Myth Itself. Modernism/modernity (Johns Hopkins University Press). January 1995, 2 (1): 1–26. S2CID 145160261. doi:10.1353/mod.1995.0008.
- ——. The Birth of Contemporary Russia out of the Spirit of Russian Music. Muzikologija. 2006, 6 (6): 63–76. doi:10.2298/MUZ0606063T.
- ——. Is There a Baby in the Bathwater? (Part I). Archiv für Musikwissenschaft (Franz Steiner Verlag). 2006, 63 (3): 163–185. JSTOR 25162364.
- ——. Is There a Baby in the Bathwater? (Part II). Archiv für Musikwissenschaft (Franz Steiner Verlag). 2006, 63 (4): 309–327. JSTOR 25162374.
- ——. MUSIC; Music's Dangers And The Case For Control
. The New York Times. December 9, 2001 [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-19）. - ——. Why You Cannot Leave Bartók Out. Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. September 2006, T. 47 (Fasc. 3/4): 265–277. JSTOR 25598260.
- ——. Afterword: Nicht blutbefleckt?. The Journal of Musicology (University of California Press). Spring 2009, 26 (2): 274–284. JSTOR 10.1525/jm.2009.26.2.274. doi:10.1525/jm.2009.26.2.274.
- ——. Agents and Causes and Ends, Oh My. The Journal of Musicology. Spring 2014, 31 (2): 272–293. JSTOR 10.1525/jm.2014.31.2.272. doi:10.1525/jm.2014.31.2.272.
註釋
- ^ See, for example, 「The Klinghoffer Controversy」 in Thomas May, ed., The John Adams Reader (Amadeus Press, 2006), pp. 297–339; Taruskin’s original 2001 The New York Times article is reprinted there and, with a lengthy postscript, in The Danger of Music.
參考文獻
引文
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Kosman, Joshua. UC music historian Richard Taruskin relishes provocateur role. SF Gate. May 31, 2014 [September 24, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-09-24）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 McBride, Jerry. Richard Taruskin. Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources. 2008 [September 24, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於January 30, 2021）.
- ^ Anon. 2017，"Achievement Digest".
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Morgan 2001.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Ritzarev, Marina. UC music historian Richard Taruskin relishes provocateur role (PDF). Israel Studies in Musicology Online. 2017 [July 2, 2022]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-07-06）.
- ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Page, Tim. Richard Taruskin, provocative scholar of classical music, dies at 77. Washington Post. July 2, 2022 [July 3, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-03）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Robin, William. Richard Taruskin, Vigorously Polemical Musicologist, Dies at 77. The New York Times. July 1, 2022 [July 1, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於July 2, 2022）.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Music Professor Wins Prestigious Kyoto Prize. artsdesign.berkeley.edu. June 20, 2017 [July 2, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-09-22）.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Anon. 2017.
- ^ Text and Act. Oxford University Press. November 2010 [July 2, 2022]. ISBN 978-0-19-509458-9. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-02）.
- ^ The Danger of Music and Other Anti-Utopian Essays. University of California Press. 1996 [July 2, 2022]. ISBN 978-0-520-26805-0. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-02）.
- ^ Taruskin, Richard. On Russian Music. muse.jhu.edu. 2008 [July 2, 2022]. ISBN 978-0-520-94280-6. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-02）.
- ^ Maddocks, Fiona. John Adams: 'Trump is a sociopath – there's no empathy, he's a manipulator'. The Guardian. February 17, 2017 [September 24, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-07）.
- ^ Fink, Robert. Review Essay: Stravinsky and the Russian Traditions: A Biography of the Works Through Mavra. Modernism/Modernity (Johns Hopkins University Press). September 1997, 4 (3): 147–154 [July 2, 2022]. S2CID 146710688. doi:10.1353/mod.1997.0053. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-02）.
- ^ Brachmann, Jan. Ukraine und Stalins Völkermord: Schostakowitschs Chefankläger. FAZ.NET. July 2, 2022 [July 2, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-02） （德語）.
- ^ The Noah Greenberg Award Winners. American Musicological Society. [May 28, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-28）.
- ^ Richard Taruskin. University of California, Berkeley. March 5, 2014 [September 24, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-29）.
- ^ APS Member History. search.amphilsoc.org. [December 2, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-02）.
- ^ 30th Annual ASCAP Deems Taylor Award Recipients. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. [September 24, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-20）.
- ^ 38th Annual ASCAP Deems Taylor Award Recipients. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. [September 24, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-29）.
- ^ Musicologist Richard Taruskin Wins Japanese 'Nobel'. The Forward. June 21, 2017 [September 24, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-19）.
- ^ Anon. 2017，Profile: Selected Publications.
- ^ Morgan 2001，"Writings".
一般和引用來源
- Anon. Richard Taruskin | Kyoto Prize. Inamori Foundation. 2017 [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-07）.
- Morgan, Paula. Taruskin, Richard
. Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001 [2022-07-19]. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47125. （原始內容存檔於2021-09-24）. 需要訂閱或英國公共圖書館會員資格
深入閱讀
- McClary, Susan. The World According to Taruskin. Music & Letters. August 2006, 87 (3): 408–415. JSTOR 3876907. doi:10.1093/ml/gcl001.
- Oestreich, James R. A History of Western Music? Well, It's a Long Story. The New York Times (interview about Oxford History of Western Music). December 19, 2004 [May 28, 2022].
- Oestreich, James R. The World According to One Musicologist. The New York Times. February 15, 2012 [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-19）.
外部連結
- 理查德·塔魯斯金的Discogs頁面（英文）
- DeVoto, Mark: Richard Taruskin, 1945–2022 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. The Boston Musical Intelligencer, July 1, 2022
- 由Google學術搜索索引的理查德·塔魯斯金出版物
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