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分散決策

維基百科,自由的百科全書

分散決策(或稱非集中決策)是當決策單位分散在大型機構各個位置,也指高層給低層官員、執行官和工人授權進行決策。可以是任何規模的機構,可以是政府機構或者公司,但一般用於大型機構。這是一種分散權利的有效手段,對管理學、組織行為學和政府工作有深刻影響。

首先,分散決策來源於組織智慧群體智慧。分散決策也受益於核心知識,一般是按照卡爾·榮格集體無意識理論。

麻省理工大學教授Thomas W. Malone認為分散決策主要有三個好處:

(1) 激勵創造和開發;

(2) 讓很多頭腦同時工作,解決同一個問題

(3) 允許靈活性和個人主義

Malone說分散決策一般可以創造更靈活的意見,減少企業中的諂媚奉承,當高層授權決策責任後,領導者也具備一定的控制權,這樣信息的流動更通暢。因此低層向高層匯報更多的情況,允許創新,更有效率的工作,促進生產力。允許創新可以提升整體質量管理

參見

參考和更多閱讀

  • Drucker, Peter F., Post-Capitalist Society. (1993) HarperBusiness, New York.
  • Gerstner Jr., Louis V., Who Says Elephants Can't Dance? Inside IBM's Historic Turnaround. (2002) HarperBusiness, New York.
  • Gladwell, Malcolm, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. (2002) Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
  • Kahneman, Daniel, & Tversky, Amos, Choices, Values, and Frames (2000) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • Malone, Thomas W.,"Is 'Empowerment' Just a Fad? Control, Decision-Making, and Information Technology," Sloan Management Review 23: 38, no. 2 (1997).
  • Malone, Thomas W., The Future of Work: How the New Order of Business Will Shape Your Organization, Your Management Style, and Your Life. (2004) Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Trotter, Wilfred, Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War. (1915) Macmillan, New York.
  • Surowiecki, James, The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations. (2004) Little, Brown, Boston.
  • Sunstein, Cass, Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge. (2006) Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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