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開央不圓唇元音

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維基百科，自由的百科全書
開央不圓唇元音
ä
a̠
ɑ̈
ɐ̞
IPA編號304 415
編碼
HTML碼（十進制）a​̈
Unicode碼（十六進制）U+0061 U+0308
X-SAMPA音標a_"、a_-、A_"或6_o
音頻範例

開央不圓唇元音或低央不圓唇元音是元音的一種，用於一些口語當中。國際音標沒有特定的字母表示介於前音[a]和後音[ɑ]之間的元音，通常以⟨a⟩表示。若要加以嚴格區分，則使用附加符號標明，諸如央元音化的⟨ä⟩或音位偏後的⟨a̠⟩，但並不通用。

直至最近，字母⟨a⟩仍在非官方場合下用於央元音，並被大量用於現有語音學上的標示。因此常使用[a]表示央元音，並近似開前元音，若有必要，則使用[æ]，非正式情況下當作次開元音。此外，漢語言學界會用非官方符號⟨ᴀ⟩（小型大寫字母A）。國際語音學協會2011–2012年投票否決了這個非官方的音標符號。[1]

特徵

  • 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音，嘴唇自然放鬆，不特別向前突起。

註釋

  1. ^ Keating (2012:245頁)

參考資料

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  • Hillenbrand, James M., American English: Southern Michigan, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2003, 33 (1): 121–126, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001221 
  • Ikekeonwu, Clara, Igbo, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: 108–110, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1 
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  • Keating, Patricia A., IPA Council votes against new IPA symbol, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2012, 42 (2): 245 [2014-04-06], doi:10.1017/S0025100312000114, （原始內容存檔於2012-11-11）, with only 15 of 30 members voting [by email], the vote was 8 in favor, 7 against. [...] With all 30 members of the Council voting [again six months later], the resolution was defeated: 17 no, 12 yes, 1 abstention. The IPA will therefore not be adding a symbol for this vowel to the alphabet or chart. 
  • Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles, The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter, 2006, ISBN 3-11-016746-8 
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延伸閱讀

  • Barry, William; Trouvain, Jürgen, Do we need a symbol for a central open vowel?, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2008, 38 (3): 349–357 
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