各国伊斯兰教
伊斯兰是仅次于基督教的世界第二大宗教。根据2011年发布的一项研究[1][2],伊斯兰教拥有16亿信徒,占据超过世界人口的23%[3][4]。
伊斯兰教在中东、萨赫勒、非洲之角、北非地区是主导宗教[1][5][6][7]和亚洲部分地区[8]。在中国、巴尔干和俄罗斯也可以找到庞大的穆斯林社群[1][9]。世界上其他地区同样有着大规模的穆斯林移民社群,例如在西欧伊斯兰教是次于基督教的第二大宗教,代表了6%的总人口[10]。
根据皮尤研究中心的数据,在2010年有49个穆斯林为主要群体的国家[11] 世界上62%人口的穆斯林居住在南亚和东南亚,有着超过十亿的信徒[12]。拥有最多穆斯林人口的国家是印度尼西亚,一个拥有世界上12.7%穆斯林的世俗国家。其后是巴基斯坦(11.0%)、印度(10.9%)和孟加拉国(9.2%)[1][13]。20%的穆斯林生活在中东的阿拉伯国家[14],而土耳其和伊朗这两个非阿拉伯国家则是地区最大的穆斯林主体国家;埃及和尼日利亚则在非洲有着最大的穆斯林社群[1][13]。研究也发现英国的穆斯林人口要比黎巴嫩的多,中国同样比叙利亚的多[1]。
国家/地区
表格的前三列是基于皮尤研究中心的人口统计,《全球穆斯林人口的未来》,2017年报告。[1][2]
表格
系列条目 |
伊斯兰教 |
---|
国家/地区[1] | 总人口 | 穆斯林人口 | 穆斯林占总人口的百分比(%) | 占世界穆斯林人口的百分比(%) | 其他来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
阿富汗 | 34,940,837 | 34,836,014 | 99.6 | 1.8 | [15] |
阿尔巴尼亚 | 3,057,220 | 1,797,645 | 58.8 | 0.1 | [16][17] |
阿尔及利亚 | 41,657,488 | 41,240,913 | 99 | 2.7 | [18] |
美属萨摩亚 | 50,826 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [19] |
安道尔 | 85,708 | 2,228 | 2.6 | < 0.1 | [20][21] |
安哥拉 | 30,355,880 | 90,000 | 0.3 | < 0.1 | [22][23] |
安圭拉 | 17,422 | < 1,000 | 0.6 | < 0.1 | [24][25] |
安提瓜和巴布达 | 95,882 | < 1,000 | 0.3 | < 0.1 | [26] |
阿根廷 | 44,694,198 | 400,000 | 0.9 | < 1 | [27][23] |
亚美尼亚 | 3,038,217 | 3,038 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [28][29] |
阿鲁巴 | 116,576 | < 1,000 | 0.4 | < 0.1 | [30][31] |
澳大利亚 | 25,000,000 | 650,000 | 2.6 | < 0.1 | [32] |
奥地利 | 8,900,000 | 712,000 | 8 | < 0.1 | [33][34] |
阿塞拜疆 | 10,046,516 | 9,735,074 | 96.9 | 0.5 | [35] |
巴哈马 | 332,634 | < 1,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [36] |
巴林 | 1,442,659 | 1,063,239 | 73.7 | < 0.1 | [37] |
孟加拉 | 170,000,000 | 153,700,000 | 90.4 | 9.2 | [38][39] |
巴巴多斯 | 293,131 | 4,396 | 1.5 | < 0.1 | [40] |
白俄罗斯 | 9,527,543 | 45,000 - 100,000 | 0.5-1.0 | < 0.1 | [41][42][43] |
比利时 | 11,570,762 | 879,377 | 7.6 | < 0.1 | [44][45] |
伯利兹 | 385,854 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [46][47] |
贝宁 | 11,340,504 | 3,141,319 | 27.7 | 0.14 | [48] |
百慕大 | 71,176 | < 1,000 | 1 | < 0.1 | [49] |
不丹 | 766,397 | ≤ 2,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [50][51] |
玻利维亚 | 11,306,341 | 2,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [52][53] |
波黑 | 3,849,891 | 1,955,084 | 50.7 | 0.1 | [54] |
博茨瓦纳 | 2,249,104 | 8,996 | 0.4 | < 0.1 | [55][56] |
巴西 | 208,846,892 | 35,167 - 1,500,000 | 0.02 - 0.7 | < 0.1 | [57][58] |
英属维尔京群岛 | 35,802 | < 1,000 | 1.2 | < 0.1 | [59] |
汶莱 | 450,565 | 355,045 | 78.8 | < 0.1 | [60] |
保加利亚 | 7,057,504 | 861,015 | 13.4 | < 0.1 | [61][62] |
布基纳法索 | 19,742,715 | 12,141,769 | 61.5 | 0.6 | [63] |
缅甸 | 55,622,506 | 2,391,767 | 4.3 | 0.1 | [64] |
布隆迪 | 11,844,520 | 1,184,452 | 10 | < 0.1 | [65][66] |
柬埔寨 | 16,449,519 | 312,5401 | 1.9 | < 0.1 | [67] |
喀麦隆 | 25,640,965 | 7,692,289 | 30 | 0.4 | [68][69] |
加拿大 | 35,881,659 | 1,148,213 | 3.2 | 0.1 | [70] |
佛得角 | 568,373 | 11,367 | 2 | < 0.1 | [71][72] |
开曼群岛 | 59,613 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [73] |
中非 | 5,745,062 | 861,759 | 15 | < 0.1 | [74] |
乍得 | 15,833,116 | 9,183,207 | 58 | 0.4 | [75][72] |
智利 | 17,925,262 | 4,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [76][77] |
中国 | 1,390,000,000 | 6,255,000 - 50,000,000 | 0.45 – 3 | 0.4 – 2.8 | [78][79] |
科科斯(基林)群岛 | 596 | < 1,000 | 80 | < 0.1 | [83][84] |
哥伦比亚 | 48,168,996 | 96,337 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [85][86] |
科摩罗 | 821,164 | 807,204 | 98.3 | < 0.1 | [87] |
刚果民主共和国 | 85,281,024 | 12,792,153 | 10 | 0.1 | [88][89] |
库克群岛 | 9,038 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [90] |
哥斯达黎加 | 4,987,142 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [91] |
象牙海岸 | 26,260,582 | 11,265,789 | 42.9 | 0.5 | [92] |
克罗地亚 | 4,270,480 | 64,057 | 1.5 | < 0.1 | [93] |
古巴 | 11,116,396 | 11,116 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [94] |
塞浦路斯 | 1,237,088 | 350,000 | 28.2 | < 0.1 | [95][96] |
捷克 | 10,686,269 | 10,000 - 20,000 | 0.1 – 0.2 | < 0.1 | [97][45] |
丹麦 | 5,809,502 | 313,713 | 5.4 | < 0.1 | [98][45] |
吉布提 | 884,017 | 857,496 | 97 | 0.1 | [99][100] |
多米尼克 | 74,027 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [101] |
多米尼加 | 10,298,756 | 2,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [102][103] |
厄瓜多尔 | 16,498,502 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [104][105] |
埃及 | 95,000,000 | 85,000,000 - 90,000,000 | 90-94.7 | 4.9 | [106][107] |
萨尔瓦多 | 6,187,271 | 2,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [108][109] |
赤道几内亚 | 797,457 | 79,745 | 10 | < 0.1 | [110][111] |
厄立特里亚 | 6,000,000 | 2,160,000 - 3,100,000 | 36–51.6 | 0.1 | [112][113][114] |
爱沙尼亚 | 1,244,288 | 1,508 | < 0.1 | <0.1-0.2 | [115] |
埃塞俄比亚 | 105,000,000 | 35,600,000 | 33.9 | 1.8 | [116] |
法罗群岛 | 51,018 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [117] |
福克兰群岛 | 3,198 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [118] |
密克罗尼西亚联邦 | 103,643 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [119] |
斐济 | 926,276 | 58,355 | 6.3 | < 0.1 | [120] |
芬兰 | 5,537,364 | 150,000 | 2.7 | < 0.1 | [121][45] |
法国 | 67,000,000 | 5,720,000 | 8.8 | 0.3 | [122] |
法属圭亚那 | 281,612 | 2,400 | 0.9 | < 0.1 | |
法属波利尼西亚 | 290,373 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [123] |
加蓬 | 2,119,036 | 211,903 | 10 | < 0.1 | [124][125] |
冈比亚 | 2,092,731 | 2,002,743 | 95.7 | 0.1 | [126] |
格鲁吉亚 | 4,926,087 | 527,091 | 10.7 | < 0.1 | [127] |
德国 | 83,000,000 | 4,500,000 - 5,000,000 | 5.4 - 6 | 0.2 | [2][128] |
加纳 | 28,102,471 | 5,058,444 | 18 | 0.2 | [129][72] |
直布罗陀 | 29,461 | 1,150 | 4 | < 0.1 | [130][131] |
希腊 | 10,761,523 | 613,406 | 5.7 | < 0.1 | [132][45] |
格陵兰 | 57,691 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [133] |
格林纳达 | 112,207 | < 1,000 | 0.3 | < 0.1 | [134] |
瓜德罗普 | 402,119 | 2,000 | 0.4 | < 0.1 | |
关岛 | 167,772 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [135] |
危地马拉 | 16,581,273 | 1,200 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [136][137] |
几内亚 | 11,855,411 | 10,563,171 | 89.1 | 0.5 | [138] |
几内亚比绍 | 1,833,247 | 826,794 | 45.1 | < 0.1 | [139] |
圭亚那 | 740,685 | 55,000 | 7.3 | < 0.1 | [140] |
海地 | 10,788,440 | 5,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [141][142] |
洪都拉斯 | 9,182,766 | 30,000 | 0.3 | < 0.1 | [143][144] |
香港 | 7,213,338 | 295,746 | 4.1 | < 0.1 | [145][146] |
匈牙利 | 9,825,704 | 40,000 - 60,000 | 0.4 – 0.6 | < 0.1 | [45][147][148] |
冰岛 | 343,518 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [149][150] |
印度 | 1,370,000,000 | 195,000,000 | 14.2 | 10.9 | [151] |
印度尼西亚 | 263,000,000 | 229,000,000 | 87.2 | 12.7 | [152] |
伊朗 | 83,000,000 | 82,500,000 | 99.4 | 4.6 | [153] |
伊拉克 | 40,194,216 | 38,465,864 | 95.7 | 1.9 | [154][155] |
爱尔兰 | 5,068,050 | 70,952 | 1.4 | < 0.1 | [156][45] |
马恩岛 | 89,407 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [157] |
以色列 | 8,424,904 | 1,516,482 | 18 | 0.1 | [158][159] |
意大利 | 62,246,674 | 2,987,840 | 4.8 | 0.1 | [160][45] |
牙买加 | 2,812,090 | 5,624 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | [161][162] |
日本 | 126,168,156 | 185,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [163][164] |
约旦 | 10,458,413 | 10,165,577 | 97.2 | 0.4 | [165] |
哈萨克斯坦 | 18,744,548 | 13,158,672 | 70.2 | 0.5 | [166] |
肯尼亚 | 48,397,527 | 5,500,000 | 11.2 | 0.2 | [167] |
基里巴斯 | 109,367 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [168] |
科索沃 | 1,907,592 | 1,823,657 | 95.6 | 0.1 | [169] |
科威特 | 2,916,467 | 2,175,684 | 74.6 | 0.2 | [170] |
吉尔吉斯斯坦 | 5,849,296 | 4,679,436 | 80 | 0.3 | [171][172] |
寮国 | 7,234,171 | 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [173][174] |
拉脱维亚 | 1,923,559 | 2,000 | 0.1-0.2 | < 0.1 | [175][176] |
黎巴嫩 | 6,100,075 | 3,519,743 | 57.7 | 0.2 | [177] |
莱索托 | 1,962,461 | 3,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [178] |
利比里亚 | 4,809,768 | 961,953 | 20 | < 0.1 | [179][180] |
利比亚 | 6,754,507 | 6,551,871 | 97 | 0.4 | [181][182] |
列支敦士登 | 38,000 | 2,050 | 5.4 | < 0.1 | [183] |
立陶宛 | 2,793,284 | 3,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [184][185] |
卢森堡 | 605,764 | 18,172 | 3 | < 0.1 | [186][187] |
澳门 | 606,340 | < 1,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [188][189] |
马达加斯加 | 25,683,610 | 2,568,361 | 10 | < 0.1 | [190][191] |
马拉维 | 19,842,560 | 3,968,512 | 20 | 0.1 | [192][193] |
马来西亚 | 31,809,660 | 16,318,355 | 61.3 | 1.1 | [194] |
马尔代夫 | 392,473 | 386,193 | 98.4 | < 0.1 | [195][196] |
马里 | 18,429,893 | 17,508,398 | 95 | 0.8 | [197][72] |
马耳他 | 449,043 | 11,675 | 2.6 | < 0.1 | [198][199] |
马绍尔群岛 | 75,684 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [200] |
马提尼克 | 385,551 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | |
毛里塔尼亚 | 3,840,429 | 3,840,429 | 100 | 0.2 | [201] |
毛里求斯 | 1,364,283 | 236,020 | 17.3 | < 0.1 | [202] |
马约特 | 256,518 | 253,439 | 97 | < 0.1 | [203] |
墨西哥 | 131,959,205 | 5,500 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | [204][205] |
摩尔多瓦 | 3,437,720 | 15,000 | 0.4 | < 0.1 | [206][207] |
摩纳哥 | 30,727 | < 1,000 | 0.8 | < 0.1 | [208][209] |
蒙古国 | 3,103,428 | 150,000 | 5 | < 0.1 | [210][211] |
黑山 | 614,249 | 122,849 | 19.1 | < 0.1 | [212] |
蒙特塞拉特 | 5,315 | < 1,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [213] |
摩洛哥 | 38,314,130 | 37,930,989 | 99 | 2 | [214] |
莫桑比克 | 27,233,789 | 3,830,063 | 17.9 | 0.3 | [215][216] |
纳米比亚 | 2,413,643 | 9,654 | 0.4 | < 0.1 | |
瑙鲁 | 10,084 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
尼泊尔 | 29,218,867 | 1,292,909 | 4.2 | 0.1 | [217] |
荷兰 | 17,254,300 | 880,000 | 5.1 | 0.1 | [218] |
荷属安的列斯 | 304,759 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | |
新喀里多尼亚 | 278,500 | 7,000 | 2.8 | < 0.1 | |
新西兰 | 4,903,800 | 41,000 | 0.9 | < 0.1 | |
尼加拉瓜 | 6,284,757 | 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
尼日尔 | 21,466,863 | 21,101,926 | 98.3 | 1 | [219] |
尼日利亚 | 200,000,000 | 95,000,000 - 103,000,000 | 47.6-51.6 | 5.3 | [2][220] |
纽埃 | 1,611 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
朝鲜 | 25,610,672 | 3,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
北马其顿 | 2,118,945 | 705,608 | 33.3 | < 0.1 | [221] |
北马里亚纳群岛 | 56,200 | < 1,000 | 0.7 | < 0.1 | |
挪威 | 5,312,343 | 100,000 - 185,000 | 5.7 | < 0.1 | [45] |
阿曼 | 4,633,752 | 2,427,000 | 85.9 | 0.2 | [222] |
巴基斯坦 | 207,774,520 | 200,400,000 | 96.5 | 11.1 | [223][224] |
帕劳 | 17,900 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
巴勒斯坦 | 4,780,978 | 4,298,000 | 97.5 | 0.3 | |
巴拿马 | 4,158,783 | 25,000 | 0.7 | < 0.1 | |
巴布亚新几内亚 | 8,558,800 | 2,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
巴拉圭 | 7,052,983 | 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
秘鲁 | 31,237,385 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
菲律宾 | 106,463,000 | 5,127,084 - 10,700,000 | 5 - 11 | 0.3 - 0.6 | [225][226] |
波兰 | 38,430,000 | 6,796[227] | 0.02 | < 0.1 | |
葡萄牙 | 10,291,027 | 65,000 | 0.4 | < 0.1 | |
波多黎各 | 3,337,177 | 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
卡塔尔 | 2,450,285 | 1,566,786 | 77.5 | 0.1 | [228] |
刚果共和国 | 5,399,895 | 107,997 | 2 | < 0.1 | [229] |
留尼汪 | 865,826 | 36,364 | 4.2 | < 0.1 | [230] |
罗马尼亚 | 19,524,000 | 73,000 - 200,000 | 0.3-1.0 | < 0.1 | [231] |
俄罗斯 | 146,877,088 | 15,000,000 - 25,000,000 | 10 - 17 | 1 | [232][233] |
卢旺达 | 12,001,136 | 576,054 | 4.8 | < 0.1 | [235] |
圣赫勒拿 | 4,534 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
圣基茨和尼维斯 | 46,204 | < 1,000 | 0.3 | < 0.1 | |
圣卢西亚 | 178,844 | < 1,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
圣皮埃尔和密克隆 | 6,286 | < 1,000 | 0.2 | < 0.1 | |
圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 | 109,557 | 2,000 | 1.7 | < 0.1 | |
萨摩亚 | 199,052 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
圣马力诺 | 33,344 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
圣多美和普林西比 | 199,910 | 5,931 | 3 | < 0.1 | [236] |
沙特阿拉伯 | 33,413,660 | 31,878,000 | 97.1 | 1.6 | |
塞内加尔 | 15,726,037 | 15,112,721 | 96.1 | 0.8 | [237] |
塞尔维亚 | 7,001,444 | 221,460 | 3.1 | < 0.1 | [238] |
塞舌尔 | 94,205 | 1,036 | 1.1 | < 0.1 | [239] |
塞拉利昂 | 7,719,729 | 6,067,706 | 78.6 | 0.3 | [240] |
新加坡 | 5,612,253 | 721,000 - 842,116 | 14.7 | < 0.1 | [241][242] |
斯洛伐克 | 5,443,120 | 10,866 | 0.1-0.2 | < 0.1 | [45] |
斯洛文尼亚 | 2,066,880 | 73,568 | 3.6 | < 0.1 | [45] |
所罗门群岛 | 667,044 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
索马里 | 11,000,000 | 10,978,000 | 99.8 | 0.6 | [243] |
南非 | 57,725,600 | 1,050,000 | 1.9 | < 0.1 | [244][245] |
韩国 | 51,635,256 | 35,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
南苏丹 | 12,323,419 | 2,464,683 | 20 | < 0.1 | [246] |
西班牙 | 46,659,302 | 1,180,000 | 2.6 | 0.1 | [45] |
斯里兰卡 | 21,700,000 | 2,105,000 | 9.7 | 0.1 | [247] |
苏丹 | 40,825,770 | 39,585,777 | 97 | 1.9 | [248] |
苏里南 | 600,000 | 83,400 | 13.9 | < 0.1 | .[249] |
斯威士兰 | 1,159,250 | 129,230 | 10 | < 0.1 | [250] |
瑞典 | 10,182,291 | 800,000 | 8.1 | < 0.1 | [2][45] |
瑞士 | 8,492,956 | 440,000 | 5.2 | < 0.1 | [251] |
叙利亚 | 18,000,000 | 16,700,000 | 93 | 1 | [252] |
台湾 | 23,576,705 | 60,000 | 0.3 | < 0.1 | [253][254] |
塔吉克斯坦 | 8,931,000 | 7,621,700 | 96.7 | 0.4 | [255][256][257] |
坦桑尼亚 | 54,199,163 | 19,426,814 | 35.2 | 0.8 | [258] |
泰国 | 70,000,000 | 3,000,000 | 4.3 | 0.2 | [259]}} |
东帝汶 | 1,261,407 | 1,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
多哥 | 7,352,000 | 1,593,011 | 20 | 0.1 | [260] |
托克劳 | 1,499 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
汤加 | 100,651 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
特立尼达和多巴哥 | 1,356,633 | 78,000 | 5.8 | < 0.1 | |
突尼斯 | 11,446,300 | 11,190,000 | 99.8 | 0.6 | |
土耳其 | 80,810,525 | 79,000,000 - 80,700,000 | 98.6 – 99.8 | 4.6 | [261][262] |
土库曼斯坦 | 5,851,466 | 4,830,000 | 93.3 | 0.3 | |
特克斯和凯科斯群岛 | 37,910 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
图瓦卢 | 10,640 | < 1,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
乌干达 | 38,823,100 | 5,435,234 | 14 | 0.3 | [263] |
乌克兰 | 42,263,873 | 390,000 - 1,000,000 | 0.9 - 2.5 | < 0.1 | [264][265] |
阿联酋 | 9,541,615 | 4,615,081 | 76 | 0.2 | [266] |
英国 | 66,040,229 | 4,130,000 | 6.3 | 0.2 | [45] |
美国 | 327,827,000 | 3,450,000 | 1.1 | 0.2 | [268] |
美属维尔京群岛 | 104,914 | < 1,000 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
乌拉圭 | 3,505,985 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
乌兹别克斯坦 | 32,653,900 | 26,550,000 | 96.5 | 1.7 | [252] |
瓦努阿图 | 304,500 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | |
梵蒂冈 | 800 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
委内瑞拉 | 31,304,016 | 125,216 | 0.4 | < 0.1 | [269] |
越南 | 96,160,163 | 96,160 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [270][270] |
瓦利斯和富图纳 | 15,714 | < 1,000 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | [271] |
西撒哈拉 | 603,253 | 599,633 | 99.4 | < 0.1 | [272][273] |
也门 | 28,036,829 | 27,784,498 | 99.1 | 1.5 | [274][275] |
赞比亚 | 16,887,720 | 168,877 | 1 | < 0.1 | [72] |
津巴布韦 | 14,000,000 | 100,000 | 0.7 | < 0.1 | [276] |
洲分
区域 | 穆斯林人口 | 穆斯林占总人口的百分比(%) | 占世界穆斯林人口的百分比(%) |
---|---|---|---|
亚洲 | 1,200,000,000 | 24.3 | 66.7 |
中亚 | 54,000,000[277] | 81[278] | 3.0 |
南亚 | 600,000,000[279][280] | 31.4[281][282] | 30.6[283][284] |
东南亚 | 240,000,000[285] | 40.0 | 13.3 |
东亚 | 50,000,000[82] | 3.1 | 2.8 |
中东-北非 | 315,322,000[286] - 488,603,838 | 91.2 | 27.1 |
非洲 | 550,000,000 | 47 | 30.6 |
撒哈拉以南非洲 | 283,302,393 | 29.6 | 15.7 |
北美洲 | 3,500,000 - 7,000,000[287] | 1.0[288] | 0.4 |
南美洲 | 791,000 | 0.2 | 0.04 |
欧洲 | 44,138,000 | 6.0 | 2.7 |
大洋洲 | 650,000 | 1.6 | 0.04 |
世界 | 1,800,000,000[289] | 24.1 | 100.0 |
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Muslim Population by Country. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-09).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Preface, The Future of the Global Muslim Population (Pew Research Center), [2014-03-24], (原始内容存档于2013-07-25)
- ^ Executive Summary. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Christian Population as Percentages of Total Population by Country. Global Christianity. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-07).
- ^ Region: Middle East-North Africa. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-09).
- ^ Region: Sub-Saharan Africa. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-09).
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) ISBN 978-0-85229-956-2 p.306
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Foreign Policy, May 2007. - ^ Britannica (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Think Quest (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Wadsworth.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Secrets of Islam (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), U.S. News & World Report. Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).
- ^ See:
- Esposito (2004) pp.2,43
- Islamic World. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
- Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents. Adherents.com. [2007-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-22).
- Muslims in Europe: Country guide. BBC News (BBC). 2005-12-23 [2006-09-28]. (原始内容存档于2009-01-26).
- Religion In Britain. National Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 2003-02-13 [2006-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2007-03-12).
- ^ Muslim-Majority Countries. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ Region: Asia-Pacific. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-09).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Number of Muslim by country. nationmaster.com. [2007-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ See:
- Esposito (2002b), p.21
- Esposito (2004), pp.2,43
- ^ South Asia :: Afghanistan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-20).
- ^ Europe :: Albania — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-06).
- ^ Albanian census 2011 (PDF). [2014-03-24]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-14).
- ^ Africa :: Algeria — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-13).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: American Samoa — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-21).
- ^ Europe :: Andorra — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-10).
- ^ Andorra. U.S. Department of State. [2018-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-26).
- ^ Africa :: Angola — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ 23.0 23.1 Table: Muslim Population by Country. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2011-01-27 [2018-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-29).
- ^ Central America :: Anguilla — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-01).
- ^ Project, Joshua. Anguilla | Joshua Project. joshuaproject.net. [2018-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Central America :: Antigua and Barbuda — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-25).
- ^ South America :: Argentina — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-03).
- ^ Middle East :: Armenia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-19).
- ^ Armenia | Joshua Project. joshuaproject.net. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Central America :: Aruba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-04).
- ^ Muslim Population in the World, 2010-2030 - knoema.com. Knoema. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-27).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Australia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-16).
- ^ Europe :: Austria — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-28).
- ^ Zahl der Muslime in Österreich seit 2001 verdoppelt. Die Presse. [2018-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02) (德语).
- ^ Middle East :: Azerbaijan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-07).
- ^ Central America :: Bahamas, The — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-04-02).
- ^ Middle East :: Bahrain — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-11).
- ^ South Asia :: Bangladesh — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-29).
- ^ BANGLADESH 2015 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT (PDF). (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-14).
- ^ Central America :: Barbados — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-14).
- ^ Europe :: Belarus — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-10).
- ^ BELARUS with VNESHINTOURIST Travel Agency -> MOHAMMEDANISM. 2007-03-12 [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2007-03-12).
- ^ Svanberg, Ingvar; Westerlund, David. Islam Outside the Arab World. Routledge. 1999: 404 [2019-05-21]. ISBN 9781136113222. (原始内容存档于2020-07-26).
- ^ Europe :: Belgium — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-10).
- ^ 45.00 45.01 45.02 45.03 45.04 45.05 45.06 45.07 45.08 45.09 45.10 45.11 45.12 45.13 5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe. Pew Research Center. [2016-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-07).
- ^ Central America :: Belize — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-13).
- ^ Wayback Machine (PDF). 2016-01-27 [2018-12-14]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-01-27).
- ^ Africa :: Benin — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-18).
- ^ North America :: Bermuda — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-22).
- ^ South Asia :: Bhutan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-28).
- ^ Pew Research Center – Global Religious Landscape 2010 – religious composition by country.
- ^ South America :: Bolivia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ Bolivia | The World Almanac of Islamism. almanac.afpc.org. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-14).
- ^ Europe :: Bosnia and Herzegovina — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-15).
- ^ Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-15).
- ^ Botswana (PDF). (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-02-19).
- ^ South America :: Brazil — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-22).
- ^ Brazil. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-20).
- ^ Central America :: British Virgin Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-13).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Brunei — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-21).
- ^ Europe :: Bulgaria — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-08).
- ^ NW, 1615 L. St; Washington, Suite 800; Inquiries, DC 20036 USA202-419-4300 | Main202-419-4349 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media. Table: Muslim Population by Country | Pew Research Center. 2011-01-27 [2018-12-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-29).
- ^ Africa :: Burkina Faso — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-08).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Burma — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-11-04).
- ^ Africa :: Burundi — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-28).
- ^ Religions – Burundi. www.nationsencyclopedia.com. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-27).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Cambodia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-29).
- ^ Africa :: Cameroon — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-30).
- ^ Cameroon Muslims. insamer.com. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-21).
- ^ North America :: Canada — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- ^ Africa :: Cabo Verde — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-31).
- ^ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 72.4 Numbers and Percentage of Muslims in African Countries. Research on Islam and Muslims in Africa. [2016-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Central America :: Cayman Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ Africa :: Central African Republic — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-07).
- ^ Africa :: Chad — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-24).
- ^ South America :: Chile — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-29).
- ^ Islam alive in Chile. Voice of the Cape. 2015-03-13 [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-02).
- ^ For China Family Panel Studies 2017 survey results see release #1 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (archived). The tables also contain the results of CFPS 2012 (sample 20,035) and Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) results for 2006, 2008 and 2010 (samples ~10.000/11,000). Also see, for comparison CFPS 2012 data in Lu 卢, Yunfeng 云峰. 卢云峰:当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS(2012)调查数据 [Report on Religions in Contemporary China – Based on CFPS (2012) Survey Data] (PDF). 2014 [2019-05-21]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-08-09).
|journal=
被忽略 (帮助);|number=
被忽略 (帮助) p. 13, reporting the results of the CGSS 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011, and their average (fifth column of the first table). - ^ Data from: Yang Zongde, Study on Current Muslim Population in China, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: China — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-13).
- ^ China Religion Facts & Stats. www.nationmaster.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-15).
- ^ 82.0 82.1 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Refworld – 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom – China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau). Refworld. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Cocos (Keeling) Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-11).
- ^ Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The World Factbook. CIA. [2012-01-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-11).
- ^ South America :: Colombia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-13).
- ^ Colombia’s religious minorities: the growing Muslim community. Colombia News – Colombia Reports. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-17).
- ^ Africa :: Comoros — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ Africa :: Congo, Democratic Republic of the — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-07).
- ^ Muslims of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). insamer.com. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-05).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Cook Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-10).
- ^ Central America :: Costa Rica — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-12).
- ^ Africa :: Cote d'Ivoire — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-08).
- ^ Europe :: Croatia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-01).
- ^ Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-09).
- ^ Europe :: Cyprus — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Northern Cyprus | Middle East Concern. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-21).
- ^ Europe :: Czechia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Europe :: Denmark — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-18).
- ^ Africa :: Djibouti — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-07).
- ^ Africa :: Djibouti — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-07).
- ^ Central America :: Dominica — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-30).
- ^ Central America :: Dominican Republic — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-04).
- ^ Islam in the Dominican Republic. dr1.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-18).
- ^ South America :: Ecuador — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-08).
- ^ Islam in Ecuador [wiki]. www.muslimpopulation.com. [2018-12-14].[永久失效链接]
- ^ Africa :: Egypt — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ NW, 1615 L. St; Washington, Suite 800; Inquiries, DC 20036 USA202-419-4300 | Main202-419-4349 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media. Table: Muslim Population by Country | Pew Research Center. 2011-01-27 [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-29).
- ^ Central America :: El Salvador — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ El Salvador Religion Facts & Stats. www.nationmaster.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Africa :: Equatorial Guinea — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-31).
- ^ Muslims of Equatorial Guinea. insamer.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-25).
- ^ Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050. Pew Research Center. [2017-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-26).
- ^ Africa :: Eritrea — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-16).
- ^ Eritrea (PDF). (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-04-12).
- ^ Europe :: Estonia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-13).
- ^ 2007 Ethiopian census, first draft, Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (accessed 6 May 2009)
- ^ Europe :: Faroe Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-06).
- ^ South America :: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Micronesia, Federated States of — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-11).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Fiji — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-02).
- ^ Europe :: Finland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-19).
- ^ 5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe. Pew Research Center. [2016-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-07).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: French Polynesia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-15).
- ^ Africa :: Gabon — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-10).
- ^ Gabon. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-20).
- ^ Africa :: Gambia, The — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-02).
- ^ Middle East :: Georgia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-09).
- ^ BAMF – Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge – Publikationen – Wie viele Muslime leben in Deutschland? (PDF). www.bamf.de. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-12-18).
- ^ Africa :: Ghana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-15).
- ^ Europe :: Gibraltar — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-12).
- ^ Gibraltar (PDF).[失效链接]
- ^ Europe :: Greece — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-25).
- ^ North America :: Greenland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-04).
- ^ Central America :: Grenada — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Guam — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03).
- ^ Central America :: Guatemala — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-02).
- ^ prensalibre.com Archive.is的存档,存档日期2007-09-27 (in Spanish)
- ^ Africa :: Guinea — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-19).
- ^ Africa :: Guinea-Bissau — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-28).
- ^ Benjamin, Lennox. The Republic of Guyana: The Census Road (PDF). Bureau of Statistics: 7. 2002. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-01-01).
- ^ Central America :: Haiti — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-31).
- ^ Islam and Muslims in Haiti. www.islamawareness.net. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-15).
- ^ Central America :: Honduras — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ Project, Joshua. Arab, Palestinian in Honduras. joshuaproject.net. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-30).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Hong Kong — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-03).
- ^ Hong Kong (PDF). (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-06-14).
- ^ Europe :: Hungary — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-10).
- ^ Hungary Religion Facts & Stats. www.nationmaster.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Europe :: Iceland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-06).
- ^ Populations by religious organizations 1998–2013. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. [2020-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-09).
- ^ India Population 2019 – Population of India 2019. [2019-05-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-24) (英语).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Indonesia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-10).
- ^ Middle East :: Iran — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-03).
- ^ Middle East :: Iraq — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ Iraq | Joshua Project. joshuaproject.net. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Europe :: Ireland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-10).
- ^ Europe :: Isle of Man — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Middle East :: Israel — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-29).
- ^ Israel and The Occupied Territories. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-16).
- ^ Europe :: Italy — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-03).
- ^ Central America :: Jamaica — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ Jamaica Religion Facts & Stats. www.nationmaster.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Japan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ NW, 1615 L. St; Washington, Suite 800; Inquiries, DC 20036 USA202-419-4300 | Main202-419-4349 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media. Table: Muslim Population by Country | Pew Research Center. 2011-01-27 [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-29).
- ^ Middle East :: Jordan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-11).
- ^ Central Asia :: Kazakhstan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Africa :: Kenya — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-11).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Kiribati — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-07).
- ^ Europe :: Kosovo — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-07).
- ^ Middle East :: Kuwait — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-15).
- ^ Central Asia :: Kyrgyzstan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-27).
- ^ Kyrgyzstan. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-02).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Laos — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-29).
- ^ Laos Religion Facts & Stats. www.nationmaster.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Europe :: Latvia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-16).
- ^ Latvia Religion Facts & Stats. www.nationmaster.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Middle East :: Lebanon — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-10).
- ^ Africa :: Lesotho — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2007-06-12).
- ^ Africa :: Liberia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-31).
- ^ Liberia. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-12).
- ^ Africa :: Libya — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-24).
- ^ Libya. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-12).
- ^ Volkszählung 2010. Llv.li. [2017-08-03]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-06).
- ^ Europe :: Lithuania — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-15).
- ^ Sunni Islam in Lithuania | True Lithuania. www.truelithuania.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-30).
- ^ Europe :: Luxembourg — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-17).
- ^ Luxembourg (PDF). (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-04).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Macau — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-16).
- ^ Mosques in Macau. www.muslim2china.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Africa :: Madagascar — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-08).
- ^ Madagascar. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-12).
- ^ Africa :: Malawi — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-29).
- ^ Malawi Facts and Figures | RIPPLE Africa. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Malaysia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-28).
- ^ South Asia :: Maldives — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-18).
- ^ Maldives. Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project. Pew Research Center. [2019-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-25).
- ^ Africa :: Mali — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-10).
- ^ Europe :: Malta — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-16).
- ^ MaltaToday Easter survey. MaltaToday. 2016 [2016-09-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-27).
- ^ Australia – Oceania :: Marshall Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-11).
- ^ Africa :: Mauritania — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ Africa :: Mauritius — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ CIA – The World Factbook. 2012-09-21 [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-21).
- ^ North America :: Mexico — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-29).
- ^ The Future of the Global Muslim Population – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2011-02-09 [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-09).
- ^ Europe :: Moldova — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-25).
- ^ Moldova Religion Facts & Stats. www.nationmaster.com. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Europe :: Monaco — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-11).
- ^ Religion in Monaco. Studycountry. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-11).
- ^ East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Mongolia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-29).
- ^ Mongolia. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-18).
- ^ Europe :: Montenegro — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-09-12).
- ^ Central America :: Montserrat — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-13).
- ^ Africa :: Morocco — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Africa :: Mozambique — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-31).
- ^ Reporter, Staff. Mozambique fears growth of Islam. The M&G Online. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-13).
- ^ The World Factbook. www.cia.gov. [2016-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Statistics Netherlands (PDF). www.cbs.nl. [2019-04-12]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-08-02).
- ^ Dominique Lewis. Nigeria Round 5 codebook (2012) (PDF). Afrobarometer. Afrobarometer: 62. May 2013 [2015-09-13]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-10-15).
- ^ Africa :: Nigeria — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2019-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-12).
- ^ Europe :: Macedonia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-11-22).
- ^ Middle East OMAN. CIA The World Factbook. [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ RESULTS OF CENSUS - 2017 (PDF). www.pbs.gov.pk. [2019-01-15]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-29).
- ^ POPULATION BY RELIGION (PDF). www.pbs.gov.pk. [2019-01-15]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-14).
- ^ Philippines. 2013 Report on International Religious Freedom (报告) (United States Department of State). 28 July 2014. SECTION I. RELIGIOUS DEMOGRAPHY [2019-06-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-13).
The 2000 survey states that Islam is the largest minority religion, constituting approximately 5 percent of the population. A 2012 estimate by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF), however, states that there are 10.7 million Muslims, which is approximately 11 percent of the total population.
- ^ Table 1.10; Household Population by Religious Affiliation and by Sex; 2010 (PDF). 2015 Philippine Statistical Yearbook (East Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority). October 2015: 1–30 [2016-08-15]. ISSN 0118-1564. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-10-11).
- ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-02-02).
- ^ The World Factbook. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 2015 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT (PDF). (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-10-25).
- ^ Religious Intelligence – Country Profile: Reunion (Department of Reunion). 2008-02-28 [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-02-28).
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=AVzFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=romania+"200000"0+muslims&source=bl&ots=BH9fUctClN&sig=ACfU3U2R4XfTjNQwiF6D2AQrd6a7B2lEZQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjew7j14pDhAhVHqlkKHS0bAVAQ6AEwF3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=romania%20"200000"0%20muslims&f=false
- ^ Closed streets, sea of people: 200,000+ Muslims celebrate Eid al-Fitr in Moscow. RT. [2017-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26).
- ^ Islam in Russia. www.aljazeera.com. [2018-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-24).
- ^ The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-09-12]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-03).
- ^ The World Factbook. www.cia.gov. [2016-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-08).
- ^ Sao Tome and Principe. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-20).
- ^ Africa :: Senegal — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-12).
- ^ The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ Africa :: Seychelles — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Sierra Leone. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-20).
- ^ The World Factbook. www.cia.gov. [2016-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-28).
- ^ Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion (PDF), Singapore Census 2010, Statistical Release 1: 11, [2015-04-01], (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-05-16)
- ^ The Global Religious Landscape (PDF). Pew Research Center. [2013-12-27]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-08-06).
- ^ General Household Survey 2015 (PDF). [2018-01-08]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-22).
- ^ Africa :: South Africa — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2010-06-05).
- ^ South Sudanese Muslims. insamer.com. [2018-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-13).
- ^ A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. [2014-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-17).
- ^ Sudan Overview. UNDP. [2013-04-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-05).
- ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-26).
- ^ The World Factbook. www.cia.gov. [2016-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-11).
- ^ Population résidante permanente âgée de 15 ans ou plus selon l'appartenance religieuse (XLS) (official site). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Federal Statistical Office FSO. 2018-01-31 [2018-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-12) (德语、法语及意大利语).
- ^ 252.0 252.1 The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050. Pew Research Center. 2015-04-02 [2017-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ - Taiwan Government Entry Point. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-23).
- ^ Halal Restaurants & Food in Taiwan – Crescentrating. Crescentrating. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-30).
- ^ The World Factbook. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-28).
- ^ Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050. 2015-04-02 [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ Religions in Tajikistan – PEW-GRF. www.globalreligiousfutures.org. [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-15).
- ^ The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-30).
- ^ Population by religion, region and area, 2015 (PDF). NSO. [2017-10-12]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-12-10).
- ^ The World Factbook. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-19).
- ^ The World Factbook. [2017-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-20).
- ^ The World Factbook. [2017-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-20).
- ^ UGANDA (PDF). (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-15).
- ^ The Future of the Global Muslim Population. 2011-01-27 [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ The Future of the Global Muslim Population. 2011-01-27 [2019-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-19).
- ^ The World Factbook. [2015-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. [2011-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2010-11-23).
- ^ New estimates show U.S. Muslim population continues to grow. Pew Research Center. 2018-01-03 [2018-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-24).
- ^ 270.0 270.1 The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-28).
- ^ The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-17).
- ^ The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2016-11-15).
- ^ Western Sahara. Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project. Pew Research Center. [2019-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-17).
- ^ The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-06).
- ^ Yemen. WikiShia. [2018-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-31).
- ^ Inter Censal Demography Survey 2017 Report (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (2017)
- ^ Region: Asia-Pacific. 2011-01-27 [2019-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-10).
- ^ electricpulp.com. CENTRAL ASIA ii. Demography – Encyclopaedia Iranica. www.iranicaonline.org. [2017-05-25]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-16).
- ^ Sense and sensibility in South Asia. www.thenews.com.pk. [2017-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-10).
- ^ The Muslim question. Times of India Blog. [2017-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-19).
- ^ "Region: South Asia". [2017-01-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-29).
- ^ Editor, Daniel Burke, CNN Religion. The moment American Muslims were waiting for. [2017-01-01]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-12).
- ^ Pechilis, Karen; Raj, Selva J. South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today. Routledge. 2013-01-01 [2019-06-22]. ISBN 9780415448512. (原始内容存档于2017-09-28).
- ^ 10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. [2017-02-07]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-04).
- ^ Yusuf, Imtiyaz. The Middle East and Muslim Southeast Asia: Implications of the Arab Spring. Oxford Islamic Studies. [2019-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-20).
- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
auto3
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Ghazali, Abdus Sattar. The Politics of American Muslim demographics. www.milligazette.com. [2018-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24).
- ^ THE GLOBAL RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE: Muslims. pewforum. [2012-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
auto2
的参考文献提供内容
扩展阅读
- United States Department of State International Religious Freedom Report(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- CIA World Factbook The World Factbook(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Adherents.com 43,941 adherent statistic citations(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Religious Freedom page
- Religious Intelligence
- Muslim Population Percentage from U.S Dept. of State
- CIA World Factbook Religions(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- BBC News Muslims in Europe: Country guide(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
外部链接
- Official website of the Pew Forum study on Global Muslim Population(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Muslim Population-A Site with Extensive information regarding worldwide Muslim population(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
参见
- 其他主要宗教
- 总体