乔瓦尼·阿尔杜伊诺

乔瓦尼·阿尔杜伊诺
Giovanni Arduino
乔瓦尼·阿尔杜伊诺; Giovanni Arduino
出生	1714年10月16日; 威尼斯共和国卡普里诺-韦罗内塞
逝世	1795年3月21日（80岁）; 威尼斯共和国威尼斯
国籍	意大利
知名于	意大利地质学
	科学生涯
研究领域	地质学

乔瓦尼·阿尔杜伊诺（意大利语：Giovanni Arduino，1714年10月16日—1795年3月21日）是一名意大利地质学家，被誉为“意大利地质学之父”。

阿尔杜伊诺出生于威尼托卡普里诺-韦罗内塞。他是一位矿业专家，根据对意大利北部地质的研究，提出可能是第一个地质年代分类法。他将地球的历史分为四个时期：原始、第二、第三、火山或第四纪。

1759年，阿尔杜伊诺根据对阿尔卑斯山南部岩石的大量研究，提出将岩石分为四个系列的方案^[1]^[2]。除火山岩或第四系外，这四个系分别是：原生系，由山腹的片岩组成；次生系，由山腰的坚硬沉积岩组成；第三系，由山麓的硬度较低的沉积岩组成。由于阿尔卑斯山脉以外的山脉并不总是采用这种排列方式，因此在一般情况下放弃了原生岩和次生岩。不过，“第三纪”一词在地质文献中一直存在，直到最近被古近纪和新近纪所取代。新生代的最后一个时期仍被称为第四纪。英国地质学家查尔斯·莱尔等人研究并进一步确定了新生代。

阿尔杜伊诺于1795年在威尼斯去世，享寿80岁。月球山脊阿尔杜伊诺山脊就是以他的名字命名的。

延伸阅读

Rodolico, Francesco. Giovanni Arduino. Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons: 233–234. 1970. ISBN 0-684-10114-9.
Ell, Theodore. Two Letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, Concerning his Natural Observations: First Full English Translation. Part 1. Earth Sciences History. 2011, 30 (2): 267–286. doi:10.17704/eshi.30.2.22r632j0x453gj45 .

参考资料

^ Bates, Marston. The Nature of Natural History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1950: 51.
^
参见：
- Arduino, Giovanni. Lettera Segonda di Giovanni Arduino … sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte in diverse parti del territorio di Vicenza, ed altrove, apparenenti alla Teoria terrestre, ed alla Mineralogia [Second letter of Giovani Arduino … on his various observations made in different parts of the territory of Vincenza, and elsewhere, concerning the theory of the earth and mineralogy]. Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli Scientifici e Filologici [New collection of scientific and philogical pamphlets]. 1760, 6: 133 (cxxxiii)–180(clxxx) （意大利语）. Available at: Museo Galileo (Florence (Firenze), Italy) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） From p. 158 (clviii): "Per quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare, la serie di questi strati, che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra, mi pare distinta in quattro ordini generali, e successivi, senza considerarvi il mare." (As far as I have been able to observe, the series of these layers that compose the visible crust of the earth seems to me distinct in four general orders, and successive, not considering the sea.)
- English translation: Ell, Theodore. Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2.. Earth Sciences History. 2012, 31 (2): 168–192. doi:10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751.

外部链接

Effetti di Antichissimi Estinti Vulcani, e Altri Fenomeni, e Prodotti Fossili Osservati da Giovanni Arduino （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1769); Osservazioni chimiche sopra alcuni fossili （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1779); and Esame Chimico, e Considerazioni Sopra la Marga, Ossia Marna... （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1791)- full digital facsimiles at Linda Hall Library

[Bates-1] Bates, Marston. The Nature of Natural History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1950: 51.

[2] 参见：
Arduino, Giovanni. Lettera Segonda di Giovanni Arduino … sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte in diverse parti del territorio di Vicenza, ed altrove, apparenenti alla Teoria terrestre, ed alla Mineralogia [Second letter of Giovani Arduino … on his various observations made in different parts of the territory of Vincenza, and elsewhere, concerning the theory of the earth and mineralogy]. Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli Scientifici e Filologici [New collection of scientific and philogical pamphlets]. 1760, 6: 133 (cxxxiii)–180(clxxx) （意大利语）. Available at: Museo Galileo (Florence (Firenze), Italy) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） From p. 158 (clviii): "Per quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare, la serie di questi strati, che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra, mi pare distinta in quattro ordini generali, e successivi, senza considerarvi il mare." (As far as I have been able to observe, the series of these layers that compose the visible crust of the earth seems to me distinct in four general orders, and successive, not considering the sea.)

English translation: Ell, Theodore. Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2.. Earth Sciences History. 2012, 31 (2): 168–192. doi:10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751.

[3] Arduino, Giovanni. Lettera Segonda di Giovanni Arduino … sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte in diverse parti del territorio di Vicenza, ed altrove, apparenenti alla Teoria terrestre, ed alla Mineralogia [Second letter of Giovani Arduino … on his various observations made in different parts of the territory of Vincenza, and elsewhere, concerning the theory of the earth and mineralogy]. Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli Scientifici e Filologici [New collection of scientific and philogical pamphlets]. 1760, 6: 133 (cxxxiii)–180(clxxx) （意大利语）. Available at: Museo Galileo (Florence (Firenze), Italy) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） From p. 158 (clviii): "Per quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare, la serie di questi strati, che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra, mi pare distinta in quattro ordini generali, e successivi, senza considerarvi il mare." (As far as I have been able to observe, the series of these layers that compose the visible crust of the earth seems to me distinct in four general orders, and successive, not considering the sea.)

[4] English translation: Ell, Theodore. Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2.. Earth Sciences History. 2012, 31 (2): 168–192. doi:10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751.

[1]

[2]