塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特·德·沃邦
塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特·德·沃邦 | |
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![]() 沃邦画像,18世纪 | |
出生 | ![]() | 1633年5月15日
逝世 | 1707年3月30日![]() | (73岁)
死因 | 肺栓塞 |
墓地 | 巴佐什,心脏在荣军院 |
国籍 | ![]() |
知名于 | 军事工程及防御工事 |
头衔 | 法国元帅 防御工事专员(Commissaire général des fortifications) (1678–1703) |
奖项 | 圣路易勋章 |
签名 | |
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塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特·德·沃邦(法语:Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban,法语发音:[sebastjɛ̃ lə pʁɛstʁ də vobɑ̃];1633年5月1日—1707年3月30日),法国元帅,著名的军事工程师。著有《论要塞的攻击与防御》、《筑城论文集》等[1]。
生平
早年参与投石党叛乱(1648-1653年),被政府军俘虏后归顺,十几岁入伍,八次受伤,升至元帅和首席军事工程师,1655年成为国王的常任工程师。1658年任围攻格拉沃利讷城的总工程师。路易十四统治时期大小战役他无所不与。他的筑城理论体系对欧洲军事学术的影响长达一个世纪以上。
沃邦先后领导建筑要塞33座,改造300座,指挥过53次要塞围攻战。有系统改进并创新了要塞的建筑,他设计的五边形的棱堡(菱堡)在欧洲火炮逐渐盛行的十七世纪及以后影响至深[2]。而在当时,他综合的攻击要塞的方法更加著名。在1673年,他用一系列平行要塞的堑壕和伸向要塞的蛇形交通壕,攻克了荷兰马斯特里赫特要塞。直到20世纪,这仍然是堡垒攻击的标准方法。
枪口上插固定刺刀的办法为他发明,改变以往每当射击时必须取下刺刀的做法。
参考
- ^ LePage 2009,第43页.
- ^ Manning 2006,第413–414页.
伸延阅读
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