罗宾·邓巴

罗宾·邓巴
Robin Dunbar
罗宾·邓巴; Robin Dunbar; FBA FRAI
	摄于2011年
出生	Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar; 1947年6月28日（76岁）; 英国英格兰兰开夏郡利物浦
母校	牛津大学莫德林学院（BA、MA）; 布里斯托尔大学（PhD）
知名于	邓巴数; 社会大脑假说（英语：Evolution of human intelligence）; 八卦假说; 狒狒研究
配偶	Eva Patricia Melvin（1971年结婚）
网站	www.psy.ox.ac.uk/team/robin-dunbar
	科学生涯
研究领域	人类学、演化心理学
机构	布里斯托尔大学; 斯德哥尔摩大学; 剑桥大学; 牛津大学; 伦敦大学学院; 利物浦大学
论文	The social organisation of the gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada)（1974）

罗宾·伊恩·麦克唐纳·邓巴 FBA FRAI（英语：Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar，1947年6月28日—^[9]^[10]）是一名英国生物人类学家、演化心理学家和灵长类动物行为专家^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]。邓巴是牛津大学实验心理学系社会与演化神经科学研究小组的演化心理学荣誉教授。他最著名的成就是提出邓巴数^[4]，它是对“一个人能够与之保持稳定关系的个体数量的认知极限”的测量^[20]^[21]。

早年生活和教育

邓巴是工程师的儿子，曾在布拉克利马格达伦学院学校（英语：Magdalen College School, Brackley）接受教育^[1]。他后来就读于牛津大学莫德林学院^[1]，他的老师包括尼古拉斯·廷贝亨。1969年，他获得了心理学和哲学文学学士学位^[1]。之后，邓巴就读于布里斯托大学心理系，并于1974年完成关于狮尾狒社会组织的博士学位^[22]。

邓巴当了两年自由科学作家^[10]。他在2019年的《The Life Scientific（英语：The Life Scientific）》节目中告诉BBC采访者吉姆·艾尔-哈利利，他在40岁时才“找到第一份真正的工作”^[23]。

学术生涯

邓巴的学术和研究生涯包括1977年至1982年在布里斯托大学^[7]、剑桥大学，1987年至1994年在伦敦大学学院。1994年，邓巴成为利物浦大学演化心理学教授，但于2007年离开利物浦，前往牛津大学担任认知与演化人类学研究所所长一职^[9]^[24]。2012年，在获得欧洲研究理事会（英语：European Research Council）的竞争性研究基金后，邓巴来到牛津大学实验心理学系工作。

邓巴曾是英国国家学术院百年研究计划（BACRP）“从露西到语言：社会大脑考古学”的联合主任，并参与英国科学院百年研究计划“确定世界宗教汇辑”。

利物浦大学进化心理学和行为生态学研究小组可提供他撰写或与他人合作撰写的部分已发表文章的电子版。

2015年，邓巴被大不列颠和爱尔兰皇家人类学学会理事会授予赫胥黎纪念奖章，以表彰他对人类学的贡献，这是皇家人类学研究所所拥有的最高荣誉。邓巴也是英国人道主义协会（英语：Humanists UK）的杰出人文主义支持者。

荣誉

利物浦大学心理学讲座教授（1994）^[25]
英国国家学术院院士（1998）^[10]
大不列颠和爱尔兰皇家人类学学会赫胥黎纪念奖章（2015）

大众文化

在《生活大爆炸》第四季第20集中，艾米·法拉·福勒（英语：Amy Farrah Fowler）在听布莱恩·葛林的讲座时与谢尔顿·库珀交谈，提到了邓巴的作品。

邓巴是哈拉瑞的著作《人类大历史》改编成图像小说（2020年）中的一个重要人物。

布莱克·克劳奇（英语：Blake Crouch）的小说《Upgrade（英语：Upgrade (novel)）》（2022年）的后记描述了邓巴的工作。

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 DUNBAR, Prof. Robin Ian MacDonald. Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press. [2023-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-08）.
^ Dunbar, R. I. M. Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution. 1992, 22 (6): 469–493. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(92)90081-J .
^ Hill, R. A.; Dunbar, R. I. M. Social network size in humans. Human Nature. 2003, 14 (1): 53–72. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.585.3484 . PMID 26189988. S2CID 11036621. doi:10.1007/s12110-003-1016-y.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Dunbar, Robin I. M. How many friends does one person need?: Dunbar's number and other evolutionary quirks. London: Faber and Faber. 2010. ISBN 978-0-571-25342-5.
^ Barrett, L.; Dunbar, R. I. M.; Dunbar, P. Mother-infant contact as contingent behaviour in gelada baboons. Animal Behaviour. 1995, 49 (3): 805–810. S2CID 53152282. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)80211-8.
^ Dunbar, R. I. M. Determinants and evolutionary consequences of dominance among female gelada baboons. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1980, 7 (4): 253–265. S2CID 28369135. doi:10.1007/BF00300665.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Dunbar, R. I. M.; Dunbar, E. P. Dominance and reproductive success among female gelada baboons. Nature. 1977, 266 (5600): 351–352. Bibcode:1977Natur.266..351D. PMID 404565. S2CID 4159540. doi:10.1038/266351a0.
^ Opie, C.; Atkinson, Q. D.; Dunbar, R. I. M.; Shultz, S. Male infanticide leads to social monogamy in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013, 110 (33): 13328–13332. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11013328O. PMC 3746880 . PMID 23898180. doi:10.1073/pnas.1307903110 .
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 British Academy Fellows Archive. British Academy. [2007-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2 February 2008）.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Professor Robin Dunbar FBA. British Humanist Association. [2007-12-02]. （原始内容存档于17 July 2012）.
^ Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R. Encephalization is not a universal macroevolutionary phenomenon in mammals but is associated with sociality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010, 107 (50): 21582–21586. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10721582S. PMC 3003036 . PMID 21098277. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005246107 .
^ Hill, R. A.; Bentley, R. A.; Dunbar, R. I. M. Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies. Biology Letters. 2008, 4 (6): 748–751. PMC 2614163 . PMID 18765349. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393.
^ Dunbar, R. I. M. Male and female brain evolution is subject to contrasting selection pressures in primates. BMC Biology. 2007, 5: 21. PMC 1876205 . PMID 17493267. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-21.
^ Dunbar, R. I. M. The price of being at the top. Nature. 1995, 373 (6509): 22–23. Bibcode:1995Natur.373...22D. PMID 7800033. S2CID 4310682. doi:10.1038/373022a0.
^ Dunbar, R. The monkeys' defence alliance. Nature. 1997, 386 (6625): 555–7. Bibcode:1997Natur.386..555D. PMID 9121575. S2CID 2064690. doi:10.1038/386555a0 .
^ Dunbar, R. I. M.; Pawlowski, B.; Lipowicz, A. Tall men have more reproductive success. Nature. 2000, 403 (6766): 156. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..156P. PMID 10646589. S2CID 7722496. doi:10.1038/35003107 .
^ Dunbar, R. I. M. Evolutionary biology: What's in a baboon's behind?. Nature. 2001, 410 (6825): 158. PMID 11258375. S2CID 31256568. doi:10.1038/35065773 .
^ Dunbar, R. PSYCHOLOGY: Evolution of the Social Brain. Science. 2003, 302 (5648): 1160–1161. PMID 14615522. S2CID 144329128. doi:10.1126/science.1092116.
^ Dunbar, R. I. M.; Shultz, S. Evolution in the Social Brain. Science. 2007, 317 (5843): 1344–1347. Bibcode:2007Sci...317.1344D. PMID 17823343. S2CID 1516792. doi:10.1126/science.1145463.
^ Dávid-Barrett, T.; Dunbar, R. I. M. Processing power limits social group size: computational evidence for the cognitive costs of sociality. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2013-08-22, 280 (1765): 20131151. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3712454 . PMID 23804623. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1151 （英语）.
^ Dunbar, Robin I. M. How conversations around campfires came to be. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014-09-30, 111 (39): 14013–14014. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114013D. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4191795 . PMID 25246572. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416382111  （英语）.
^ Dunbar, Robin Ian MacDonald. The social organisation of the gelada monkey (Theropithecus gelada) (PhD论文). University of Bristol. 1974 [2023-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-26）.
^ "The Life Scientific" interview, BBC Radio Four, 23 July 2019, https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0006zt6 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Prof. Robin Dunbar FBA. liv.ac.uk. [2007-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-04）.
^ Faculty of Science (PDF). liv.ac.uk. [2007-12-02]. ^{[永久失效链接]}

外部链接

The Human Behaviour and Evolution Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
What Makes us Human （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pulse Project Podcast: What Makes us Human? (22 October 2008, Oxford)
University of Oxford Department of Experimental Psychology profile

[whoswho-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 DUNBAR, Prof. Robin Ian MacDonald. Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press. [2023-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-08）.

[2] Dunbar, R. I. M. Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution. 1992, 22 (6): 469–493. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(92)90081-J .

[3] Hill, R. A.; Dunbar, R. I. M. Social network size in humans. Human Nature. 2003, 14 (1): 53–72. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.585.3484 . PMID 26189988. S2CID 11036621. doi:10.1007/s12110-003-1016-y.

[dunbarsno-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Dunbar, Robin I. M. How many friends does one person need?: Dunbar's number and other evolutionary quirks. London: Faber and Faber. 2010. ISBN 978-0-571-25342-5.

[5] Barrett, L.; Dunbar, R. I. M.; Dunbar, P. Mother-infant contact as contingent behaviour in gelada baboons. Animal Behaviour. 1995, 49 (3): 805–810. S2CID 53152282. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)80211-8.

[6] Dunbar, R. I. M. Determinants and evolutionary consequences of dominance among female gelada baboons. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1980, 7 (4): 253–265. S2CID 28369135. doi:10.1007/BF00300665.

[dominance-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Dunbar, R. I. M.; Dunbar, E. P. Dominance and reproductive success among female gelada baboons. Nature. 1977, 266 (5600): 351–352. Bibcode:1977Natur.266..351D. PMID 404565. S2CID 4159540. doi:10.1038/266351a0.

[8] Opie, C.; Atkinson, Q. D.; Dunbar, R. I. M.; Shultz, S. Male infanticide leads to social monogamy in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013, 110 (33): 13328–13332. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11013328O. PMC 3746880 . PMID 23898180. doi:10.1073/pnas.1307903110 .

[britac-9] 9.0 ^9.1 British Academy Fellows Archive. British Academy. [2007-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2 February 2008）.

[humanism-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Professor Robin Dunbar FBA. British Humanist Association. [2007-12-02]. （原始内容存档于17 July 2012）.

[pmid21098277-11] Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R. Encephalization is not a universal macroevolutionary phenomenon in mammals but is associated with sociality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010, 107 (50): 21582–21586. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10721582S. PMC 3003036 . PMID 21098277. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005246107 .

[12] Hill, R. A.; Bentley, R. A.; Dunbar, R. I. M. Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies. Biology Letters. 2008, 4 (6): 748–751. PMC 2614163 . PMID 18765349. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393.

[13] Dunbar, R. I. M. Male and female brain evolution is subject to contrasting selection pressures in primates. BMC Biology. 2007, 5: 21. PMC 1876205 . PMID 17493267. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-21.

[14] Dunbar, R. I. M. The price of being at the top. Nature. 1995, 373 (6509): 22–23. Bibcode:1995Natur.373...22D. PMID 7800033. S2CID 4310682. doi:10.1038/373022a0.

[15] Dunbar, R. The monkeys' defence alliance. Nature. 1997, 386 (6625): 555–7. Bibcode:1997Natur.386..555D. PMID 9121575. S2CID 2064690. doi:10.1038/386555a0 .

[16] Dunbar, R. I. M.; Pawlowski, B.; Lipowicz, A. Tall men have more reproductive success. Nature. 2000, 403 (6766): 156. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..156P. PMID 10646589. S2CID 7722496. doi:10.1038/35003107 .

[17] Dunbar, R. I. M. Evolutionary biology: What's in a baboon's behind?. Nature. 2001, 410 (6825): 158. PMID 11258375. S2CID 31256568. doi:10.1038/35065773 .

[18] Dunbar, R. PSYCHOLOGY: Evolution of the Social Brain. Science. 2003, 302 (5648): 1160–1161. PMID 14615522. S2CID 144329128. doi:10.1126/science.1092116.

[19] Dunbar, R. I. M.; Shultz, S. Evolution in the Social Brain. Science. 2007, 317 (5843): 1344–1347. Bibcode:2007Sci...317.1344D. PMID 17823343. S2CID 1516792. doi:10.1126/science.1145463.

[20] Dávid-Barrett, T.; Dunbar, R. I. M. Processing power limits social group size: computational evidence for the cognitive costs of sociality. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2013-08-22, 280 (1765): 20131151. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3712454 . PMID 23804623. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1151 （英语）.

[21] Dunbar, Robin I. M. How conversations around campfires came to be. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014-09-30, 111 (39): 14013–14014. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114013D. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4191795 . PMID 25246572. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416382111  （英语）.

[dunbarphd-22] Dunbar, Robin Ian MacDonald. The social organisation of the gelada monkey (Theropithecus gelada) (PhD论文). University of Bristol. 1974 [2023-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-26）.

[23] "The Life Scientific" interview, BBC Radio Four, 23 July 2019, https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0006zt6 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[24] Prof. Robin Dunbar FBA. liv.ac.uk. [2007-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-04）.

[25] Faculty of Science (PDF). liv.ac.uk. [2007-12-02]. ^{[永久失效链接]}

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