翼腭窝
| 翼腭窝 | |
|---|---|
 左上颌窦外面观 | |
 人类头骨，紫色部分为翼腭窝 | |
| 标识字符 | |
| 拉丁文 | fossa pterygopalatina |
| MeSH | D056739 |
| TA98 | A02.1.00.025 |
| TA2 | 429 |
| FMA | FMA:75309 |
| 格雷氏 | p.166 |
| 《骨骼解剖学术语》 [在维基数据上编辑] | |
在人类解剖学中，翼腭窝（pterygopalatine fossa，或sphenopalatine fossa）为人类颅骨中一个窝状构造。翼腭窝共有一对，为颞下窝内侧的一个圆锥状凹窝。该窝位于上颌骨后方[1]。翼腭窝位于翼上颌裂内侧，通往蝶腭孔，可通向鼻腔、口腔、颞下窝、眼眶，及咽，另有8个孔通向中颅窝[2]。
翼腭窝向外通颞下窝，向前藉眶下裂通眶，向内藉腭骨与蝶骨围成的蝶腭孔通鼻腔，向后藉圆孔通颅中窝，藉翼管通颅底外面，向下移行至腭大管，继而经腭大孔通口腔。
解剖
边界
下列为翼腭窝的边界：
- 前界：颞下窝内上部分。
- 后界：翼突根部，必毗邻蝶骨大翼前缘。
- 内界：腭骨垂直板及蝶骨突
- 外界：翼上颌裂
- 下界：part of the floor is formed by the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
途径
下列构造会经过翼腭窝：
| 方向 | 途经 | 连接到 |
|---|---|---|
| 后 | 颅圆孔 | 中颅窝 |
| 翼管 (Vidian) | 中颅窝、颅裂孔 | |
| palatovaginal canal (pharyngeal) | nasal cavity/nasopharynx | |
| 前 | 下眶裂 | orbit |
| 内 | sphenopalatine foramen | nasal cavity |
| 外 | pterygomaxillary fissure | infratemporal fossa |
| 下 | greater palatine canal (pterygopalatine) | oral cavity, |
功能
翼腭窝内包含
- the pterygopalatine ganglion suspended by nerve roots from the maxillary nerve
- the terminal third of the maxillary artery
- the maxillary nerve (CN V2, the second division of the trigeminal nerve), with which is the nerve of the pterygoid canal, a combination of the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetic). To obtain block anesthesia of the entire second division of the trigeminal nerve, an intraoral injection can be administered into this area.
参见
本条目使用了部分解剖术语。
其他图像
-
Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion -
The pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches -
Pterygopalatine fossa in a dog -
Pterygopalatine fossa
参考文献
- ^ Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 69
- ^ Osborn, Anne. Radiology of the Pterygoid Plates and Pterygopalatine Fossa (PDF). AJR. March 1979, 132 (3): 389–394 [December 2012]. PMID 106641. doi:10.2214/ajr.132.3.389. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-08-01）.