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维基百科,自由的百科全书

Type=MAB

β-羟基β-甲基丁酸
Structural formula, conjugate acid
Structural formula, conjugate base
上方:β-羟基β-甲基丁酸
下方:β-羟基β-甲基丁酸根
单克隆抗体
种类完整抗体
临床资料
其他名称Conjugate acid form:
β-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid
Conjugate base form:
hydroxymethylbutyrate
给药途径By mouth[1] or nasogastric[2]
ATC码
  • 未分配
法律规范状态
法律规范
  • OTC
  • UN未列入管制
药物动力学数据
代谢产物HMB-CoA, HMG-CoA, mevalonate, cholesterol, acetyl-CoA, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate
药效起始时间英语Onset of actionHMB-FA: 30–60 minutes[1]
HMB-Ca: 1–2 hours[1]
生物半衰期HMB-FA: 3 hours[1]
HMB-Ca: 2.5 hours[1]
排泄途径Renal (10–40% excreted)[1][3]
识别信息
CAS号625-08-1  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
化学信息
化学式C5H10O3
摩尔质量118.13 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
密度~1.1 g/cm3 at 20 °C[4]
熔点−80 °C(−112 °F) (glass)[5]
沸点128 °C(262 °F) at 7 mmHg[4][6]
  • CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O
  • InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) checkY
  • Key:AXFYFNCPONWUHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Type=Vaccine

β-羟基β-甲基丁酸
Structural formula, conjugate acid
Structural formula, conjugate base
上方:β-羟基β-甲基丁酸
下方:β-羟基β-甲基丁酸根
疫苗说明
种类灭活
临床资料
其他名称Conjugate acid form:
β-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid
Conjugate base form:
hydroxymethylbutyrate
给药途径By mouth[1] or nasogastric[2]
ATC码
  • 未分配
法律规范状态
法律规范
  • OTC
  • UN未列入管制
药物动力学数据
代谢产物HMB-CoA, HMG-CoA, mevalonate, cholesterol, acetyl-CoA, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate
药效起始时间英语Onset of actionHMB-FA: 30–60 minutes[1]
HMB-Ca: 1–2 hours[1]
生物半衰期HMB-FA: 3 hours[1]
HMB-Ca: 2.5 hours[1]
排泄途径Renal (10–40% excreted)[1][3]
识别信息
CAS号625-08-1  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
化学信息
化学式C5H10O3
摩尔质量118.13 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
密度~1.1 g/cm3 at 20 °C[4]
熔点−80 °C(−112 °F) (glass)[5]
沸点128 °C(262 °F) at 7 mmHg[4][6]
  • CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O
  • InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) checkY
  • Key:AXFYFNCPONWUHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Type=Combo (en:Adderall drugbox)

Infobox drug/testcases
an image of the amphetamine skeletal formula
a 3d image of the dextroamphetamine compound found in Adderall
组成
amphetamine aspartate monohydrate25% – stimulant
(12.5% levo; 12.5% dextro)
amphetamine sulfate25% – stimulant
(12.5% levo; 12.5% dextro)
dextroamphetamine saccharate25% – stimulant
(0% levo; 25% dextro)
dextroamphetamine sulfate25% – stimulant
(0% levo; 25% dextro)
临床资料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureAdderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601234
核准状况
依赖性Physical: none[7]
Psychological: moderate[8]
成瘾性Moderate
给药途径Oral, insufflation, rectal, sublingual
ATC码
法律规范状态
法律规范
识别信息
CAS号300-62-951-64-9 checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
化学信息
摩尔质量135.20622 g/mol[9]
手性Racemic mixture[10]
密度.936 g/cm3 at 25 °C[11]
熔点11.3 °C(52.3 °F) (predicted)[12]
沸点203 °C(397 °F) at 760 mmHg[13]

Amphetamine - English WP drugbox

Infobox drug/testcases
INN Amfetamine
An image of the amphetamine compound
A 3d image of the D-amphetamine compound
临床资料
读音聆听i/æmˈfɛtəmn/
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureAdderall, Adzenys XR-ODT, Dyanavel XR, Evekeo, others
其他名称α-methylphenethylamine
AHFS/Drugs.comamphetamine
依赖性Physical: none[14]
Psychological: moderate[8]
成瘾性Moderate
给药途径Medical: oral, intravenous[15]
Recreational: oral, insufflation, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular
药物类别英语Drug classCNS stimulant
ATC码
法律规范状态
法律规范
药物动力学数据
生物利用度Oral: 75–100%[16]
血浆蛋白结合率15–40%[17]
药物代谢CYP2D6,[18] DBH,[26][27] FMO3[26][28][29]
代谢产物4-hydroxyamphetamine, 4-hydroxynorephedrine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetone, benzoic acid, hippuric acid, norephedrine, phenylacetone[18][19]
药效起始时间英语Onset of actionIR dosing: 30–60 minutes[20]
XR dosing: 1.5–2 hours[21][22]
生物半衰期D-amph: 9–11 hours[18][23]
L-amph: 11–14 hours[18][23]
pH-dependent: 7–34 hours[24]
作用时间IR dosing: 3–6 hours[8][21][25]
XR dosing: 8–12 hours[8][21][25]
排泄途径Primarily renal;
pH-dependent range: 1–75%[18]
识别信息
  • (RS)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
CAS号300-62-9  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
化学信息
化学式C9H13N
摩尔质量135.20622 g/mol[9]
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
手性Racemic mixture[10]
密度.936 g/cm3 at 25 °C[11]
熔点11.3 °C(52.3 °F) (predicted)[12]
沸点203 °C(397 °F) at 760 mmHg[13]
  • NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C
  • InChI=1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:KWTSXDURSIMDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Reflist

延伸内容
  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, Wilson GJ, Zanchi N, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Kalman DS, Stout JR, Hoffman JR, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL, Kreider RB, Smith-Ryan AE, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. February 2013, 10 (1): 6. PMC 3568064可免费查阅. PMID 23374455. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-6. The [International Society of Sports Nutrition] has concluded the following. 1. HMB can be used to enhance recovery by attenuating exercise induced skeletal muscle damage in trained and untrained populations. ... 4. Thirty-eight mg·kg·BM−1 daily of HMB has been demonstrated to enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power in untrained and trained populations when the appropriate exercise prescription is utilized. ... 8. HMB’s mechanisms of action include an inhibition and increase of proteolysis and protein synthesis, respectively. 9. Chronic consumption of HMB is safe in both young and old populations. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Product Information: Ensure Enlive Advanced Therapeutic Nutrition Shake (PDF). Abbott Nutrition. 9 August 2016 [22 August 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于12 October 2016).
     · Use under medical supervision.
     · HMB + protein for muscle health.
     

    Product Information: Juven (PDF). Abbott Nutrition. 7 May 2016 [22 August 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于12 October 2016).
     · Administer orally or as a modular via feeding tube ...
     · Use under medical supervision.
     · Nutravigor® (CaHMB, calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate)
     
  3. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Safety data sheet: 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl butyric acid. Alfa Aesar. 23 March 2005 [9 November 2016]. (原始内容存档于17 September 2016). 
  4. ^ 5.0 5.1 Coffman DD, Cramer R, Mochel WE. Syntheses by Free-radical Reactions. V. A New Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids. Journal of the American Chemical Society. June 1958, 80 (11): 2882–2887. doi:10.1021/ja01544a072. 
  5. ^ 6.0 6.1 3-OH-isovaleric acid. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2015 [10 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于11 August 2016). Experimental Boiling Point: ... 128 °C / 7 mm ...
    Experimental solubility:
    Soluble in water
     
  6. ^ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE. Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders. Sydor A, Brown RY (编). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 367. ISBN 9780071481274. While physical dependence and withdrawal occur with some drugs of abuse (opiates, ethanol), these phenomena are not useful in the diagnosis of addiction because they do not occur with other drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine) and can occur with many drugs that are not abused (propranolol, clonidine). 
  7. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 引用错误:没有为名为Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology的参考文献提供内容
  8. ^ 9.0 9.1 引用错误:没有为名为PubChem Header的参考文献提供内容
  9. ^ 10.0 10.1 引用错误:没有为名为Proper definition的参考文献提供内容
  10. ^ 11.0 11.1 Amphetamine. PubChem Compound. United States National Library of Medicine – National Center for Biotechnology Information. 5 November 2016 [9 November 2016].  |section-url=被忽略 (帮助); |section=被忽略 (帮助)
  11. ^ 12.0 12.1 Amphetamine. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry.  |section-url=被忽略 (帮助); |section=被忽略 (帮助);
  12. ^ 13.0 13.1 引用错误:没有为名为Properties的参考文献提供内容
  13. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为NHMH_3e-Physical dependence + psychostimulant addiction treatment的参考文献提供内容
  14. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为Amph Uses的参考文献提供内容
  15. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为Drugbank-dexamph的参考文献提供内容
  16. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为Drugbank-amph的参考文献提供内容
  17. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 引用错误:没有为名为FDA Pharmacokinetics的参考文献提供内容
  18. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为Metabolites的参考文献提供内容
  19. ^ amphetamine/dextroamphetamine. Medscape. WebMD. Onset of action: 30–60 min  |section-url=被忽略 (帮助); |section=被忽略 (帮助);
  20. ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Millichap JG. Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD. Millichap JG (编). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
    Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
    Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
    Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
    Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
    Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
    Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]
     
  21. ^ Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL. Onset of efficacy of long-acting psychostimulants in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad. Med. September 2008, 120 (3): 69–88. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. 
  22. ^ 23.0 23.1 Adderall IR Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.: 1–6. October 2015 [18 May 2016]. 
  23. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为HSDB Toxnet October 2017 Full archived record的参考文献提供内容
  24. ^ 25.0 25.1 Mignot EJ. A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes. Neurotherapeutics. October 2012, 9 (4): 739–752. PMC 3480574可免费查阅. PMID 23065655. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9. 
  25. ^ 26.0 26.1 引用错误:没有为名为Substituted amphetamines, FMO, and DBH的参考文献提供内容
  26. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为DBH amph primary的参考文献提供内容
  27. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为FMO的参考文献提供内容
  28. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为FMO3-Primary的参考文献提供内容