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维基百科,自由的百科全书
Experiments in the Revival of Organisms
Screenshot from the film showing the dog's head attached to Brukhonenko's autojektor
基本资料
片长19:31
产地苏联
语言
  • Russian
  • English
上映及发行
上映日期1940
预算£20,000

Experiments in the Revival of Organisms (俄语:Эксперименты по оживлению организма) 是一部1940年的电影,该电影记录了苏联学者对试图复活已临床死亡的有机体的研究工作。[1]现在该影片属于 公有领域。这些手术由谢尔盖·布留霍年科和鲍里斯·列文斯科夫斯基完成,他们当时正在向位于莫斯科的第二届俄罗斯病理学家大会展示一种称为autojektor的特殊心肺仪器,也称为心肺机。[2]该影片摄录于同样位于莫斯科的实验生理学与治疗研究所俄语Институт экспериментальной физиологии и терапии[3] 这种心肺机由Brukhonenko设计并制造,他在影片中所展示的工作据说开创了苏联史上在心瓣进行手术的先河。[4]在影片中所展示的autojektor设备与现行的体外膜氧合设备以及肾透析系统类似。

Synopsis

Full English version of the film

该影片描绘并讨论了一系列医学实验。影片开头画面为英国科学家约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹陈述他如何亲自看过电影中所执行的程序并挽救了战争中的生命。实验一开始便展示了一颗与身体分离开的狗的心脏;4个相连的管后来被连接到器官上。在使用一种器械后,心脏以正常的、如同在机体内的方式跳动。然后显示了托盘内的一个肺,这是通过使血液充氧的风箱来操作的。

Following the lung scene, the audience is then shown a heart-lung machine英语heart-lung machine, composed of a pair of diaphragm linear pumps, venous and arterial, exchanging oxygen with a water reservoir. It is then seen supplying a canine head with oxygenated blood. The head is presented with external stimuli, which it responds to. Finally, a dog is brought to clinical death (depicted mostly via a graphical plot of lung and heart activity) by draining all blood from it. It is then left for ten minutes and connected to the heart-lung machine, which gradually returns the blood into the animal's circulation. After several minutes, the heart fibrillates, then restarts a normal rhythm. Respiration likewise resumes and the machine is removed. Over the ensuing ten days, the dog recovers from the procedure and continues living a healthy life. According to the film, several dogs were brought back to life using this method, including one which is an offspring of parents who were both also resuscitated.[5]

Reaction

A patent diagram showing the setup of the procedure

Brukhonenko's decapitation experiment was remarked upon by 萧伯纳.[6]

Brukhonenko developed a new version of the autojektor (for use on humans) in the same year; it can be seen today on display at the Museum of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Bakulev Scientific Center of Cardiovascular Surgery英语Bakulev Scientific Center of Cardiovascular Surgery in Russia.[7] Brukhonenko was posthumously awarded the prestigious 列宁奖.[8]

Some commentators have questioned the film's authenticity, given that none of the more dubious experiments are shown in any full-frame shots. According to some scientists who claim to have seen the experiments in the film, the severed dog head only survived for a few minutes when attached to the artificial heart, as opposed to the hours claimed in the film.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Experiments in the Revival of Organisms. Prelinger Archives. Techfilm Studios, Moscow. [28 April 2017]. 
  2. ^ Krementsov, Nikolai. Off with your heads: isolated organs in early Soviet science and fiction. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. June 2009, 40 (2): 87–100 [28 April 2017]. 
  3. ^ Swain, Frank. How to Make a Zombie: The Real Life (and Death) Science of Reanimation and Mind Control. Oneworld Publications. 2013-06-11: 39. ISBN 9781851689446 (英语). 
  4. ^ Konstantinov, Igor; Alexi-Meskishvili, Vladimir. Sergei S. Brukhonenko: The Development of the First Heart-Lung Machine for Total Body Perfusion.. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2000, 69 (3): 962–966 [28 April 2017]. 
  5. ^ Experiments in the Revival of Organisms. Prelinger Archives. Techfilm Studios, Moscow. [28 April 2017]. 
  6. ^ Sergej Sergejewitsch Brychonenko. [2010-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2007-01-21). 
  7. ^ Museum of Cardiovascular Surgery. [2006-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2006-02-08). 
  8. ^ ЛАБОРАТОРИЯ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ. [2008-10-26]. (原始内容存档于January 29, 2007). . sklifos.ru (in Russian)
  9. ^ Bellows, Alan. Alien Hand Syndrome: And Other Too-Weird-Not-to-Be-True Stories. Workman Publishing. 2009: 32–3. ISBN 9780761152255 (英语). 
  10. ^ "What Should We Do With Your Body? (The Lightning)" video. YouTube. [2017-01-19]. 
  11. ^ "Wisława Szymborska III (The Experiment)" Poem. 

Category:Soviet black-and-white films英语Category:Soviet black-and-white films Category:Soviet films英语Category:Soviet films Category:1940s documentary films英语Category:1940s documentary films Category:Black-and-white documentary films英语Category:Black-and-white documentary films Category:Articles containing video clips