铍-10

铍-10，¹⁰Be
基本
符号	10Be
名称	铍-10、Be-10
原子序	4
中子数	6
核素数据
丰度	痕量
半衰期	1.39×106 y
自旋	0+
结合能	6497.6318 keV
衰变模式
衰变类型	衰变能量（MeV）
β−	0.5560
	铍的同位素 ; 完整核素表

铍-10（¹⁰Be)是一种铍的放射性同位素。它是由地球大气层中氮和氧的宇宙射线散裂所形成的。 ^[3] ^[4] ^[5]铍-10的半衰期为1.39×10 ⁶年， ^[6] ^[7]并通过β衰变变成稳定的硼-10 ，在此衰变反应中最大可释出能量为556.2 keV。它衰变通过反应 ${\ce {^10_4Be->^10_{5}B+ +^{0}_{-1}e^{-}}}$ ^。大气中的轻元素与高能银河宇宙射线粒子发生反应。反应产物的散裂是¹⁰ Be（t，u粒子，例如n或p）的来源：

¹⁴ N（t，5u） ¹⁰Be;范例： ¹⁴ N（n,pα） ¹⁰ Be

¹⁶ O（t，7u） ¹⁰Be

由于铍往往存在于pH值低于5.5的溶液中（许多工业区上方的雨水的pH值可能低于5），因此铍会溶解并通过雨水运输到地球表面。随着环境迅速变得更碱性，铍会从溶液中沉淀析出。宇宙成因¹⁰ Be累积在土壤表层，其相对长的半衰期（138.70万年）使其存在时间较久，直至其衰变至¹⁰ B。

¹⁰ Be及其衰变产物已被用于检查土壤侵蚀，由角砾岩形成的土壤，红土的发育以及冰芯的年龄。 ^[8]它也是由快中子与空气中二氧化碳中¹³ C的反应在核爆炸中形成的，并且是核试验场所过去活动的历史指示之一。

原子核基态结构

¹⁰ Be的原子核基态被证实存在由2个α粒子团簇与2个中子组成的分子型结构^[9]，这是首次被发现并被确认的原子核基态分子型结构。

参考资料

^ Decay Radiation: ¹⁰Be. National Nuclear Data Center. Brookhaven National Laboratory. [2013-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-27）.
^ Tilley, D.R.; Kelley, J.H.; Godwin, J.L.; Millener, D.J.; Purcell, J.E.; Sheu, C.G.; Weller, H.R. Energy levels of light nuclei. Nuclear Physics A. 2004, 745 (3–4): 155–362. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.059.
^ G.A. Kovaltsov; I.G. Usoskin. A new 3D numerical model of cosmogenic nuclide ¹⁰Be production in the atmosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 291 (1–4): 182–199. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.291..182K. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.011.
^ J. Beer; K. McCracken; R. von Steiger. Cosmogenic radionuclides: theory and applications in the terrestrial and space environments. Physics of Earth and Space Environments, Springer, Berlin. Physics of Earth and Space Environments 26. 2012. ISBN 978-3-642-14650-3. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14651-0.
^ S.V. Poluianov; G.A. Kovaltsov; A.L. Mishev; I.G. Usoskin. Production of cosmogenic isotopes ⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, ²²Na, and ³⁶Cl in the atmosphere: Altitudinal profiles of yield functions. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres. 2016, 121 (13): 8125–8136. Bibcode:2016JGRD..121.8125P. arXiv:1606.05899 . doi:10.1002/2016JD025034.
^ G. Korschinek; A. Bergmaier; T. Faestermann; U. C. Gerstmann. A new value for the half-life of ¹⁰Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2010, 268 (2): 187–191. Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..187K. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.020.
^ J. Chmeleff; F. von Blanckenburg; K. Kossert; D. Jakob. Determination of the ¹⁰Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MS and liquid scintillation counting. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2010, 268 (2): 192–199. Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..192C. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.012.
^ Balco, Greg; Shuster, David L. ²⁶Al-¹⁰Be–²¹Ne burial dating (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2009, 286 (3–4): 570–575 [2021-04-27]. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.286..570B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.025. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23）.
^ Li, P. J.; Beaumel, D.; Lee, J.; Assié, M.; Chen, S.; Franchoo, S.; Gibelin, J.; Hammache, F.; Harada, T.; Kanada-En’yo, Y.; Kubota, Y. Validation of the 10-Be Ground-State Molecular Structure Using 10-Be(p,pα)6-He Triple Differential Reaction Cross-Section Measurements. Physical Review Letters. 2023-11-21, 131 (21). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.212501.

[BNL-1] Decay Radiation: ¹⁰Be. National Nuclear Data Center. Brookhaven National Laboratory. [2013-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-27）.

[2] Tilley, D.R.; Kelley, J.H.; Godwin, J.L.; Millener, D.J.; Purcell, J.E.; Sheu, C.G.; Weller, H.R. Energy levels of light nuclei. Nuclear Physics A. 2004, 745 (3–4): 155–362. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.059.

[Kov10-3] G.A. Kovaltsov; I.G. Usoskin. A new 3D numerical model of cosmogenic nuclide ¹⁰Be production in the atmosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 291 (1–4): 182–199. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.291..182K. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.011.

[Beer12-4] J. Beer; K. McCracken; R. von Steiger. Cosmogenic radionuclides: theory and applications in the terrestrial and space environments. Physics of Earth and Space Environments, Springer, Berlin. Physics of Earth and Space Environments 26. 2012. ISBN 978-3-642-14650-3. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14651-0.

[Pol16-5] S.V. Poluianov; G.A. Kovaltsov; A.L. Mishev; I.G. Usoskin. Production of cosmogenic isotopes ⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, ²²Na, and ³⁶Cl in the atmosphere: Altitudinal profiles of yield functions. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres. 2016, 121 (13): 8125–8136. Bibcode:2016JGRD..121.8125P. arXiv:1606.05899 . doi:10.1002/2016JD025034.

[Korschinek-6] G. Korschinek; A. Bergmaier; T. Faestermann; U. C. Gerstmann. A new value for the half-life of ¹⁰Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2010, 268 (2): 187–191. Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..187K. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.020.

[Chmeleff-7] J. Chmeleff; F. von Blanckenburg; K. Kossert; D. Jakob. Determination of the ¹⁰Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MS and liquid scintillation counting. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2010, 268 (2): 192–199. Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..192C. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.012.

[BalcoShuster2009-8] Balco, Greg; Shuster, David L. ²⁶Al-¹⁰Be–²¹Ne burial dating (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2009, 286 (3–4): 570–575 [2021-04-27]. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.286..570B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.025. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23）.

[9] Li, P. J.; Beaumel, D.; Lee, J.; Assié, M.; Chen, S.; Franchoo, S.; Gibelin, J.; Hammache, F.; Harada, T.; Kanada-En’yo, Y.; Kubota, Y. Validation of the 10-Be Ground-State Molecular Structure Using 10-Be(p,pα)6-He Triple Differential Reaction Cross-Section Measurements. Physical Review Letters. 2023-11-21, 131 (21). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.212501.

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相邻较轻同位素: 铍-9	铍-10是铍的同位素	相邻较重同位素: 铍-11
母同位素：锂-11 (β⁻, n)	铍-10的衰变链	衰变产物为硼-10

原子核基态结构

相关条目

参考资料