黄酮醇
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黄酮醇(英语:flavonol)是一类黄酮类化合物,其具有3-羟基黄酮骨架。
黄酮醇广泛存在于水果和蔬菜中,包括茶饮、西红柿、羽衣甘蓝、花椰菜等。摄取富含抗氧化功能的黄酮醇食物,据研究显示随着年龄的增长,整体认知和多种认知能力下降较慢[1]。西方人每日黄酮醇摄入量为20至50毫克[2]。
黄酮醇互变异构诱导了双荧光现象,这有利于植物抵抗紫外线和呈现花色[3]。
药物相互作用
黄酮类化合物对细胞色素P450的活性有影响。黄酮醇是CYP2C9[4]和CYP3A4[2]的的抑制剂,这两种酶参与体内大部分药物的代谢。
黄酮醇类化合物
中文名 | 英文名 | IUPAC名 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2' | 3' | 4' | 5' | 6' |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-羟基黄酮 | 3-hydroxyflavone | 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H |
杜鹃黄素 | Azaleatin | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxychromen-4-one | OCH3 | H | OH | H | H | H | OH | OH | H |
漆黄素 | Fisetin | 3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one | H | H | OH | H | H | H | OH | OH | H |
高良姜素 | Galangin | 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | H | H | H | H | H | H |
棉黄素 | Gossypetin | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydroxychromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | H |
山柰素 | Kaempferide | 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | H | H | H | OCH3 | H | H |
山柰酚 | Kaempferol | 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | H | H | H | OH | H | H |
异鼠李素 | Isorhamnetin | 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | H | H | OCH3 | OH | H | H |
桑色素 | Morin | 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | H | OH | H | OH | H | H |
杨梅黄酮 | Myricetin | 3,3',4',5',5,7-hexahydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | H | H | OH | OH | OH | H |
柚皮黄素 | Natsudaidain | 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetramethoxychromen-4-one | OCH3 | OCH3 | OCH3 | OCH3 | H | H | OCH3 | OCH3 | H |
藿香黄酮醇 | Pachypodol | 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethoxychromen-4-one | OH | H | OCH3 | H | H | H | OH | OCH3 | H |
槲皮素 | Quercetin | 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one | OH | H | OH | H | H | OH | OH | H | H |
鼠李秦素 | Rhamnazin | 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxychromen-4-one | OH | H | OCH3 | H | H | OCH3 | OH | H | H |
鼠李素 | Rhamnetin | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one | OH | H | OCH3 | H | H | OH | OH | H | H |
黄酮醇苷
中文名 | 英文名 | 苷元 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2' | 3' | 4' | 5' | 6' |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫云英苷 | Astragalin | 山柰酚 | 葡萄糖 | |||||||||
杜鹃苷 | Azalein | 杜鹃黄素 | 鼠李糖 | |||||||||
金丝桃苷 | Hyperoside | 槲皮素 | 半乳糖 | |||||||||
异槲皮素 | Isoquercitin | 槲皮素 | 葡萄糖 | |||||||||
山奈苷 | Kaempferitrin | 山柰酚 | 鼠李糖 | 鼠李糖 | ||||||||
杨梅苷 | Myricitrin | 杨梅黄酮 | 鼠李糖 | |||||||||
槲皮苷 | Quercitrin | 槲皮素 | 鼠李糖 | |||||||||
刺槐素 | Robinin | 山柰酚 | 刺槐糖 | 鼠李糖 | ||||||||
芸香苷 | Rutin | 槲皮素 | 芸香二糖 | |||||||||
绣线菊苷 | Spiraeoside | 槲皮素 | 葡萄糖 | |||||||||
黄色鼠李苷 | Xanthorhamnin | 鼠李黄素 | 三糖 | |||||||||
黄柏苷 | Amurensin | 山柰酚 | 葡萄糖 | 叔戊基 | ||||||||
淫羊藿苷 | Icariin | 山柰素 | 鼠李糖 | 葡萄糖 | 叔戊基 | |||||||
曲克芦丁 | Troxerutin | 槲皮素 | 芸香二糖 | 羟乙基 | 羟乙基 | 羟乙基 |
参考文献
- ^ Thomas Monroe Holland, Association of Dietary Intake of Flavonols With Changes in Global Cognition and Several Cognitive Abilities, Neurology Nov 2022, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201541; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201541
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Cermak R, Wolffram S. The potential of flavonoids to influence drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics by local gastrointestinal mechanisms. Curr. Drug Metab. October 2006, 7 (7): 729–44 [2020-09-23]. PMID 17073577. doi:10.2174/138920006778520570. (原始内容存档于2019-12-11).
- ^ Tautomerism of flavonol glucosides: relevance to plant UV protection and flower colour, Gerald J. Smith and Kenneth R. Markham. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Volume 118, Issue 2, 30 October 1998, Pages 99-105. [2011-07-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-17).
- ^ Si D, Wang Y, Zhou YH; et al. Mechanism of CYP2C9 inhibition by flavones and flavonols. Drug Metab. Dispos. March 2009, 37 (3): 629–34 [2011-07-02]. PMID 19074529. doi:10.1124/dmd.108.023416. (原始内容存档于2020-05-29).
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