努比亞羱羊

努比亞羱羊
	雄羊
	雌羊
保護狀況
	; 易危（IUCN 3.1）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：	偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
科：	牛科 Bovidae
亞科：	羊亞科 Caprinae
屬：	山羊屬 Capra
種：	努比亞羱羊 C. nubiana
二名法
	Capra nubiana; F. Cuvier, 1825

努比亞羱羊（學名：Capra nubiana）是山羊屬的一種動物，為生活在沙漠中的夜行性山羊，分布於北非、東北非與西亞^[2]。過去本種被視作羱羊（Capra ibex）的亞種，現已基於分子證據被分作獨立物種。本種族群約有4500隻成羊，現被IUCN被歸為易危物種^[1]。

努比亞羱羊是體型最小的一種羱羊，肩高約為70公分，為兩性異形的物種，雄羊（52—74.7公斤）體型大於雌羊（25.3—32.7公斤）^[3]^[4]。本種主要以相思樹與金合歡樹葉為食，取食時可爬到樹上^[3]；這種山羊具社會性，羊群由雌羊與小羊組成，羊群中的雌羊具階級（英語：Dominance hierarchy）之分，成年雄羊則大多獨立生活^[3]^[5]^[4]。

希伯來聖經即有許多關於努比亞羱羊的記載，聖經人物雅億名稱的意思即為羱羊^[6]。努比亞羱羊現為以色列自然公園管理局（英語：Israel Nature and Parks Authority）的標誌^[7]^[8]。葉門也將努比亞羱羊視為國家象徵之一^[9]^[10]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ross, S.; Elalqamy, H.; Al Said, T.; Saltz, D. Capra nubiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020, 2020: e.T3796A22143385 [19 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3796A22143385.en .
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Capra nubiana F.Cuvier, 1825. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Mendelssohn, H.; Yom-Tov, Y. Mammalia of Israel (Fauna Palestina). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 1999: 271–280. ISBN 978-965-208-145-2.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Gross, J.E.; Alkon, P.U.; Demment, M.W. Grouping patterns and spatial segregation by Nubian ibex. Journal of Arid Environments. 1995, 30 (4): 423–439. Bibcode:1995JArEn..30..423G. doi:10.1006/jare.1995.0037.
^ Greenberg-Cohen, Dalia; Alkon, Philip U.; Yom-Tov, Yoram. A Linear Dominance Hierarchy in Female Nubian Ibex. Ethology. 2010-04-26, 98 (3–4): 210–220 [28 January 2023]. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb01072.x. （原始內容存檔於10 February 2023）.
^ Benner, Jeff A. The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible. Virtualbookworm.com. 30 August 2005. ISBN 978-1-58939-776-7.
^ About Us. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. （原始內容存檔於27 January 2023）.
^ Rescue and release: A herd of ibexes returned to nature. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. July 15, 2019 [7 January 2024]. （原始內容存檔於7 January 2024）.
^ Nubian Ibex. San Diego Zoo. [2024-04-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-25）.
^ Hamdan Alaly. Ibex in the Yemeni civilization: a historical symbolism being revived. Global Voices. 2022 [2024-04-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-25）.

[iucn-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ross, S.; Elalqamy, H.; Al Said, T.; Saltz, D. Capra nubiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020, 2020: e.T3796A22143385 [19 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3796A22143385.en .

[GBIF-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Capra nubiana F.Cuvier, 1825. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat.

[Mendelssohn-1999-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Mendelssohn, H.; Yom-Tov, Y. Mammalia of Israel (Fauna Palestina). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 1999: 271–280. ISBN 978-965-208-145-2.

[Gross-1995-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Gross, J.E.; Alkon, P.U.; Demment, M.W. Grouping patterns and spatial segregation by Nubian ibex. Journal of Arid Environments. 1995, 30 (4): 423–439. Bibcode:1995JArEn..30..423G. doi:10.1006/jare.1995.0037.

[5] Greenberg-Cohen, Dalia; Alkon, Philip U.; Yom-Tov, Yoram. A Linear Dominance Hierarchy in Female Nubian Ibex. Ethology. 2010-04-26, 98 (3–4): 210–220 [28 January 2023]. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb01072.x. （原始內容存檔於10 February 2023）.

[6] Benner, Jeff A. The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible. Virtualbookworm.com. 30 August 2005. ISBN 978-1-58939-776-7.

[7] About Us. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. （原始內容存檔於27 January 2023）.

[8] Rescue and release: A herd of ibexes returned to nature. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. July 15, 2019 [7 January 2024]. （原始內容存檔於7 January 2024）.

[9] Nubian Ibex. San Diego Zoo. [2024-04-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-25）.

[10] Hamdan Alaly. Ibex in the Yemeni civilization: a historical symbolism being revived. Global Voices. 2022 [2024-04-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-25）.

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