東北棕熊
東北棕熊![]() | |
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科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
目: | 食肉目 Carnivora |
科: | 熊科 Ursidae |
屬: | 熊屬 Ursus |
種: | 棕熊 U. arctos
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亞種: | 東北棕熊 U. a. lasiotus
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三名法 | |
Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray, 1867[2]
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異名 | |
baikalensis Ognev, 1924 |
東北棕熊(學名:Ursus arctos lasiotus),又名烏蘇里棕熊、東北馬熊,是棕熊的一個亞種,分佈於西伯利亞、朝鮮半島、中國東北和北海道,與堪察加棕熊相似,但毛色更黑、頭骨更長。其分佈於北海道的種群有時會單獨列為一個亞種,即日本棕熊(Ursus arctos yesoensis)。它是體型較大的棕熊之一,最大的東北棕熊個頭體重超過400公斤。[3]
習性
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/UssuriBearSkull.jpg/220px-UssuriBearSkull.jpg)
東北棕熊食譜很雜,它以各類植物漿果、根莖、種子和小型、大型動物為食,甚至也吃螞蟻[4]。
東北虎有時會捕食東北棕熊,但這種情況很少出現[5][6]。此外,東北虎捕食的一般是幼熊,但也有東北虎襲擊冬眠的成年東北棕熊的記錄[7][8][9]。1944-1959年,俄羅斯遠東地區共錄下32起東北虎襲擊東北棕熊的案例[10][11][12]。
1915年12月,日本北海道發生三毛別棕熊襲擊事件,造成7人死亡、3人重傷,為日本史上最嚴重的野生動物攻擊事件。
參考文獻
- ^ Ursus arctos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. [27 January 2009].
- ^ Gray, J. E. Note on Ursus lasiotus, a hairy-eared bear from North China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser. 3. 1867, 20 (118): 301 [2019-02-28]. doi:10.1080/00222936708694139. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-08).
- ^ Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), V.G Heptner and N.P Naumov editors, Science Publishers, Inc. USA. 1998. ISBN 1-886106-81-9
- ^ Onoyama, Keiichi. Ants as prey of the Yezo brown bear Ursus arctos yesoensis with consideration on its feeding habits (PDF). Res. Bull. Obihiro University (Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine). 1987-11-16, 15: 313–318 [2009-05-05]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-22).
- ^ Seryodkin; et al. Relationship between tigers, brown bears, and Himalayan black bears. Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation. 2005: 156–163.
- ^ Geptner, V. G., Sludskii, A. A. (1972). Mlekopitaiuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; (1992). the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2: Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats). Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC). Pp. 95–202.
- ^ Frasef, A. Feline Behaviour and Welfare. CABI. 2012: 72–77. ISBN 978-1-84593-926-7.
- ^ Prynn, David. Amur tiger. Russian Nature Press. 2004: 115.
- ^ V.G. Heptner and N.P. Naumov. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol 2 IIa 1998. New Delhi, India: Amerind Publishing. p671
- ^ Mammals of the Soviet Union Volume 2, by V.G Heptner & A.A. Sludskii, p177
- ^ Seryodkin, I. V., J. M. Goodrich, A. V. Kostyrya, B. O. Schleyer, E. N. Smirnov, L. L. Kerley, and D. G. Miquelle (2005). "Relationship between tigers, brown bears, and Himalayan black bears". pp. 95-202 in D. G. Miquelle, E. N. Smirnov, and J. M. Goodrich (eds.), Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation. Vladivostok, Russia: PSP.
- ^ Table 1 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Location, physical status, size and circumstances of deaths of Amur tiger males in the Russian Far East, 1970-1994.
外部連接
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