祖熊屬
祖熊屬![]() 化石時期:
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科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
目: | 食肉目 Carnivora |
科: | 熊科 Ursidae |
屬: | †祖熊屬 Ursavus Schlosser, 1899 |
模式種 | |
†Ursavus brevirhinus Hofmann, 1887
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Species[1] | |
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祖熊屬(學名:Ursavus)是熊科已滅絕的一個屬,生活於2300萬至530萬年前中新世的北美和歐亞大陸[2][3],是現代熊屬生物的祖先[4]。它在2000萬年前從亞洲大陸遷徙到北美[5]。
種
該屬共發現11種,總體來看,其體型小,與現代的狼相似。[4] 黎明熊(U. elmensis)[6]是該屬第一個種[7][8]。但後來它和U. depereti一起被劃出本屬,黎明熊分入安盧熊屬(Ballusia),後者則被分入郊熊貓屬(Agriarctos)[4]。
2006年7月中國甘肅臨夏回族自治州廣河縣官坊鄉槐溝村發現的戴氏祖熊(U. tedfordi)的頭骨化石,為世界上首次發現的完整祖熊頭骨[1][4]。1985年山東臨朐縣山旺發現的東方祖熊(U. orientalis)化石保存情況也很好[9]。但有研究者認為東方祖熊其實不屬於祖熊屬,而是屬於安盧熊屬[1]。
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2014, 52 (3): 265–302.
- ^ Kurten, Bjorn. Pleistocene bears of North America I: Genus Tremarctos, spectacled bears. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1966, 115: 1–120.
- ^ Crusafont, M.; Kurten, B. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1976, 144: 1–29.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 古脊椎動物與古人類研究所. 古脊椎所发现现生熊类的最近祖先化石. 中國科學院. 2014-08-04 [2021-06-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-06-05).
- ^ Zhanxiang, Qiu. Dispersals of Neogene carnivorans between Asia and North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2003, 279 (279): 18–31. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0018:C>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Derocher, Andrew E.; Ian Stirling. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management. A selection of papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management. February 1989, 8: 189–204 (1990). JSTOR 3872919.
- ^ McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution (PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-11-15).
- ^ Derocher, A. E.; Lynch, W. Polar Bears: A complete guide to their biology and behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012.
- ^ Yang, Hong; Shipu Yang. The Shanwang fossil biota in eastern China: a Miocene Konservat-Lagerstätte in lacustrine deposits. Lethaia. December 1994, 27 (4): 345–354. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1994.tb01585.x.
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