網足蟲屬

網足蟲屬
	網足蟲(1)與其他有孔蟲界的生物(2-7)
科學分類
門：	變形蟲門 Amoebozoa
綱：	根足綱 Rhizopodea
目：	無殼目 Aconchulinida
科：	網蟲足科 Gromiidae
屬：	網足蟲屬 Gromia; Dujardin（英語：Félix Dujardin）, 1835
異名
	Arcellina Du Plessis, 1876; Blythella Haman, 1988;

網足蟲屬（學名：Gromia）是絲足蟲門的一個屬，為單細胞生物，棲息在淡水或海水中，本屬生物形似變形蟲，有一蛋白質組成的蜂窩狀殼體（英語：Test (biology)）將細胞質包覆，並有許多偽足從殼體表面的孔洞中伸出，可互相交連形成網狀結構^[1]，用以爬行移動^[2]。本屬物種的直徑介於0.4－30毫米間，細胞質中具有Stercomata（英語：Stercomata）（排泄物）與礦物顆粒^[3]，殼體形狀多變，有球型者（G. oviformis），也有梨形者（G. pyriforminis），常作為本屬物種的分類依據。本屬生物可行無性生殖與有性生殖^[4]。

本屬最早被發現的物種為G. oviformis，於1835年在英國海邊的潮間帶被發現^[5]，1990年代起開始有多種深海中的網足蟲被發現，包括生存在4392公尺深處者^[3]，深海的網足蟲可能在碳循環^[3] 與氮循環（反硝化反應）^[6]中扮演一定角色。有研究顯示本屬的一深海物種圓球網足蟲可在海床上留下爬痕，與複雜多細胞動物所留下的遺跡化石類似，使考古學家懷疑此類化石是否能當作多細胞動物存在的依據^[7] 。

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：^[8]

Gromia amygdaliformis Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia appendiculariae Brooks & Kellner, 1908
Gromia botelliformis Gooday & Holzmann, 2021
短網足蟲 Gromia brevis Gooday & Holzmann, 2021
Gromia cedhageni Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia cucumiformis Gooday & Holzmann, 2021
Gromia dubia Gruber, 1884
Gromia dujardinii Schultze, 1854
Gromia fluvialis Dujardin, 1837
Gromia granulata Schulze, 1875
Gromia hyalina Schlumberger, 1845
Gromia landrethi Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia liasica Terquem, 1866
Gromia marmorea Rothe, Gooday, Cedhagen, Fahrni, Hughes, Page, Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009
Gromia melinus Rothe, Gooday, Cedhagen, Fahrni, Hughes, Page, Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009
Gromia oviformis Dujardin, 1835
Gromia pashukae Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia psammophila Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia pyriformis Gooday & Bowser, 2005
Gromia saoirsei Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia schulzei Norman, 1892
Gromia solenopus Zarnik, 1907
圓球網足蟲 Gromia sphaerica Gooday, Bowser, Bett & Smith, 2000
Gromia winnetoui Rothe, Gooday, Cedhagen, Fahrni, Hughes, Page, Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009

參考文獻

^ Longet, D., Burki, F., Flakowski, J., Berney, C., Polet, S., Fahrni, J., & Pawlowski, J. (2004). Multigene evidence for close evolutionary relations between Gromia and foraminifera. Acta Protozoologica, 43(4), 303–311.
^ Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rothe, N., Gooday, A. J., Cedhagen, T., & Alan Hughes, J. (2011). Biodiversity and distribution of the genus Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) in the deep Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean). Polar Biology, 34(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0859-z
^ ARNOLD, Z. M. (1966). Observations on the Sexual Generation of Gromia oviformis Dujardin. The Journal of Protozoology, 13(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01863.x
^ Hayward, B. W., Le Coze, F., & Gross, O. (2018). World Foraminifera Database. Gromia Dujardin. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=111984 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
^ Høgslund, S., Cedhagen, T., Bowser, S. S., & Risgaard-Petersen, N. (2017). Sinks and Sources of Intracellular Nitrate in Gromiids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(APR), 617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00617
^ Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028
^ Gromia Dujardin, 1835. GBIF. [2023-01-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-16）.

[1] Longet, D., Burki, F., Flakowski, J., Berney, C., Polet, S., Fahrni, J., & Pawlowski, J. (2004). Multigene evidence for close evolutionary relations between Gromia and foraminifera. Acta Protozoologica, 43(4), 303–311.

[2] Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028

[#1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rothe, N., Gooday, A. J., Cedhagen, T., & Alan Hughes, J. (2011). Biodiversity and distribution of the genus Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) in the deep Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean). Polar Biology, 34(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0859-z

[4] ARNOLD, Z. M. (1966). Observations on the Sexual Generation of Gromia oviformis Dujardin. The Journal of Protozoology, 13(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01863.x

[5] Hayward, B. W., Le Coze, F., & Gross, O. (2018). World Foraminifera Database. Gromia Dujardin. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=111984 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[6] Høgslund, S., Cedhagen, T., Bowser, S. S., & Risgaard-Petersen, N. (2017). Sinks and Sources of Intracellular Nitrate in Gromiids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(APR), 617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00617

[7] Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028

[8] Gromia Dujardin, 1835. GBIF. [2023-01-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-16）.

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