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葡萄糖澱粉酶

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葡萄糖澱粉酶(glucoamylase)又稱γ-澱粉酶(gamma-amylase)、澱粉葡糖苷酶(amyloglucosidase,AMG),全名葡聚糖 1,4-α-葡糖苷酶,是一種酸性的單鏈外切型糖苷水解酶,不僅能催化澱粉水解為葡萄糖,還能從澱粉糖鏈的非還原末端 (即不可以形成半縮醛羥基) 切下葡萄糖分子[1]。γ-澱粉酶存在於動物(小腸)、微生物中。

葡萄糖澱粉酶目前已在食品、醫藥和發酵工業等領域得到廣泛的應用[2][3][4]工業上應用的葡萄糖澱粉酶主要來自於麴黴屬根黴屬,極少來自於鐮孢菌屬。例如半裸鐮刀菌 (Fusarium Semitectum) [5]尖孢鐮刀菌[5]茄鐮孢菌英語Fusarium solani[6]、蔗草鐮刀菌 (Fusarium scirpi) [6]及串珠鐮刀菌 (Fusarium moniliforme) [7]等,故而不同來源的的性質也存在著差異。離子及離子等二價金屬離子一般對葡萄糖澱粉酶的活性有激活作用,然而離子、離子及離子等二價金屬離子對葡萄糖澱粉酶的活性有抑制作用,視乎葡萄糖澱粉酶的來源[3]

參考資料

  1. ^ Sauer, J; Sigurskjold, BW; Christensen, U; Frandsen, TP; Mirgorodskaya, E; Harrison, M; Roepstorff, P; Svensson, B. Glucoamylase: structure/function relationships, and protein engineering.. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2000-12-29, 1543 (2): 275–293 [2019-12-24]. PMID 11150611. doi:10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00232-6. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-24). 
  2. ^ Nguyen, Quang D; Rezessy-Szabó, Judit M; Claeyssens, Marc; Stals, Ingeborg; Hoschke, Ágoston. Purification and characterisation of amylolytic enzymes from thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus strain ATCC 34626. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2002-08, 31 (3): 345–352. doi:10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00128-X. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Pandey, A; Nigam, P; Soccol, CR; Soccol, VT; Singh, D; Mohan, R. Advances in microbial amylases.. Biotechnology and applied biochemistry. 2000-04, 31 (2): 135–52 [2019-12-24]. PMID 10744959. doi:10.1042/ba19990073. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-24). 
  4. ^ Kumar, P; Satyanarayana, T. Microbial glucoamylases: characteristics and applications.. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2009, 29 (3): 225–55 [2019-12-24]. PMID 19708824. doi:10.1080/07388550903136076. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-24). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 ., Altaf Hussain; ., Zafar Iqbal Khan; ., Dr. Ejaz Rasul. Isolation and Screening of Amylolytic and Pectinolytic Fungi from Soil. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 1999-03-01, 2 (3): 974–975. doi:10.3923/pjbs.1999.974.975. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 BHATTI H N;RASHID M H;NAWAZ R,et al.Purification and characterization of a novel glucoamylase from Fusarium solani.Food Chemistry.2007,103(2):338-43.
  7. ^ Figueira, Edson Luiz Zangrando; Hirooka, Elisa Yoko. Culture medium for amylase production by toxigenic fungi. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 2000, 43 (5): 461–67. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132000000500003.