裸瓶豬籠草
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裸瓶豬籠草![]() | |
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產自蘇門答臘的裸瓶豬籠草的中位籠 | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
目: | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
科: | 豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae |
屬: | 豬籠草屬 Nepenthes |
種: | 裸瓶豬籠草 N. gymnamphora
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二名法 | |
Nepenthes gymnamphora | |
異名 | |
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裸瓶豬籠草[3]:74(學名:Nepenthes gymnamphora)是爪哇[3]和蘇門答臘特有的熱帶食蟲植物,海拔分布範圍為600米至2800米[4]。對於裸瓶豬籠草、梳狀豬籠草(N. pectinata)[注 1][3]:76和似刃豬籠草(N. xiphioides)[注 2]這三個類群的分類有很多爭論。[6]
其種加詞「gymnamphora」來源於希臘文「gymnos」和「amphoreus」,意為「赤裸的水罐」。[6]
黑瓮豬籠草(N. melamphora)為裸瓶豬籠草的異名之一,但其也被用於稱呼其他物種。
分類關係
裸瓶豬籠草組的相關類群被以各種方式解釋為是一個可變性極高的物種[6][7][8]。之前,裸瓶豬籠草組內的類群可以劃分為:兩個截然不同的物種,產自爪哇的裸瓶豬籠草,及產自蘇門答臘的梳狀豬籠草[9][10];也可以另一種方式劃分,廣泛分布於爪哇和蘇門答臘的裸瓶豬籠草,及僅分布於蘇門答臘的似刃豬籠草[5]。此外還有4種產自蘇門答臘索克·麥拉皮山(Mount Sorik Merapi)的未描述類群也可能屬於裸瓶豬籠草組。[6]
梳狀豬籠草
B·H·丹瑟首次在其1928年發表的開創性著作《荷屬東印度群島的豬籠草科植物》中對梳狀豬籠草進行了描述。[11]丹瑟的描述基於的標本中混入了欣佳浪山豬籠草(N. singalana)上位籠的標本。[6]1994年,簡·斯洛爾(Jan Schlauer)和約阿希姆·那茲在首先注意到了這點,他們還提供了一份採集於塔拉克毛火山的選模標本,編號為「Bünnemeijer 700」。[10][12]
B·H·丹瑟在他另一個專著中提到了梳狀豬籠草與欣佳浪山豬籠草的自然雜交種(N. pectinata × N. singalana)[11],但其實際上是純種的欣佳浪山豬籠草。[6][10]
梳狀豬籠草已被列入《2006年世界自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》中,保護狀況為無危。[13]
似刃豬籠草
布魯斯·薩蒙(Bruce Salmon)和里基·毛德(Ricky Maulder)在1995年的一期《食蟲植物通訊》上對似刃豬籠草進行了描述。[5]他們還認為梳狀豬籠草與裸瓶豬籠草是同一個物種,並將其與似刃豬籠草在一些形態特徵上做了對比。[5]
裸瓶豬籠草和似刃豬籠草之間形態特徵的區別(Salmon & Maulder, 1995) | ||
形態特徵 | 裸瓶豬籠草 | 似刃豬籠草 |
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縱脈 | 在葉片外部的三分之二至五分之四內有3至6條 | 在葉片外部的二分之一內有2至3條 |
葉緣 | 覆蓋著密集的短毛 | 無毛被 |
下位籠的籠蔓 | 和捕蟲籠同長 | 為葉片長度的2至3倍 |
下位籠 | 高8至12公分,寬3至4公分 | 高4至4.5公分,寬1.5至2公分 |
上位籠 | 存在 | 不存在 |
唇齒 | 長為寬的3至6倍 | 長為寬的6至8倍 |
花序 | 大部分花梗帶2朵花,末端的花梗大多帶1朵花; 極少數花序的花梗大部分或全部帶1朵花 |
下三分之一的花梗大多帶1朵花,少數帶2朵花 |
雄蕊柄 | 基部或整個具有毛被 | 無毛被 |
種下類群
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nepenthes_natural_hybrid_Sumatra1.jpg/220px-Nepenthes_natural_hybrid_Sumatra1.jpg)
- Nepenthes gymnamphora var. haematamphora Miq. (1851)
- Nepenthes gymnamphora var. pectinata (Danser) Hort.Westphal (1999) in sched.
自然雜交種
- N. bongso × N. gymnamphora[6]
- N. gymnamphora × N. mikei[5][=N. × pangulubauensis]
- N. gymnamphora × N. ovata[5]
- N. gymnamphora × N. reinwardtiana[6]
- ? N. gymnamphora × N. rhombicaulis[7]
- N. gymnamphora × N. singalana[6]
- N. gymnamphora × N. spathulata[6]
- N. gymnamphora × N. spectabilis[6]
- N. gymnamphora × N. talangensis[6]
注釋
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 (拉丁文) Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
- ^ Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 22(4): 415–424. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00113.x
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Salmon, B.R. & R.G. Maulder 1995. Two New Species of Nepenthes from North Sumatra, Indonesia (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 24(3): 77–85.
- ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes gymnamphora (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Carnivorous Plant Database.
- ^ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ^ Schlauer, J. & J. Nerz 1994. Notes on Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). I. Contributions to the Flora of Sumatra. Blumea 39: 139–142.
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- Yogiara, A. Suwanto & M.T. Suhartono 2006. A complex bacterial community living in pitcher plant fluid(頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia 11(1): 9–14.
擴展閱讀
- 食蟲植物照片搜尋引擎中裸瓶豬籠草的照片(頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)。
- Bernard T. Wahyu Wiryanta. Nepenthes Gymnamphora. Wildlife Journey. [2012-05-12]. (原始內容存檔於2013-06-01). 關於裸瓶豬籠草的紀錄片
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