DGCR8

DGCR8
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜尋: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	1X47、2YT4、3LE4、5B16
識別號
別名	DGCR8；, C22orf12, DGCRK6, Gy1, pasha, Pasha, DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit, microprocessor complex subunit
外部ID	OMIM：609030 MGI：2151114 HomoloGene：11223 GeneCards：DGCR8
基因位置（人類）
染色體	22號染色體
終止	20,111,877 bp
RNA表現模式
	; ; ; ;
	查閱更多表現資料
基因本體
分子功能	• primary miRNA binding; • ribonuclease III activity; • double-stranded RNA binding; • 血漿蛋白結合; • heme binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • 金屬離子結合; • RNA binding; • 相同蛋白質結合;
細胞組分	• 細胞質; • 微加工複合體; • 核仁; • 細胞核; • 核質; • 突觸後緻密物質;
生物學過程	• regulation of stem cell proliferation; • primary miRNA processing; • RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic; • RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis; • miRNA metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	54487
	94223
	ENSG00000128191
	ENSMUSG00000022718
	Q8WYQ5
	Q9EQM6
	NM_001190326; NM_022720
	NM_033324
	NP_001177255; NP_073557
	NP_201581
	維基資料
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

DGCR8全稱為迪喬治症候群關鍵區域8（DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8）是哺乳類的一個蛋白質，在人類基因組中由22號染色體上的DGCR8基因編碼^[4]。模式生物黑腹果蠅與秀麗隱桿線蟲與此同源的基因名為Pasha，意為「Drosha蛋白的夥伴」（partner of Drosha）^[5]。

功能

DGCR8位於細胞核中，參與miRNA前驅物（pri-miRNA）的切割，此蛋白可與Drosha（一種核糖核酸酶Ⅲ）結合，組成微加工複合體（英語：Microprocessor complex），將由DNA轉錄產生的pri-miRNA切割成長約70nt的pre-miRNA，後者可再由Dicer切割產生成熟的miRNA。DGCR8有一可與RNA結合的結構域，可與pri-miRNA結合以穩定其結構，以利Drosha進行切割^[6]。Drosha一般需在與DGCR8結合的情況下才能進行切割^[7]。

此外DGCR8也參與部分DNA修補的途徑，DGCR8的一個位點被磷酸化後可參與轉錄偶聯修復（transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair，簡稱TC-NER，用於移除嘧啶二聚體等紫外線造成的DNA損傷）以及核苷酸切除修復（NER，移除過氧化氫等化學物質造成的DNA氧化損傷）等，且此機制與DGCR8和Drosha結合以及和RNA結合的能力均無關^[8]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128191 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8. （原始內容存檔於2010-12-05）.
^ Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ. Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex. Nature. Nov 2004, 432 (7014): 231–5. PMID 15531879. doi:10.1038/nature03049.
^ Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN. Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Research. 2006, 34 (16): 4622–9. PMC 1636349 . PMID 16963499. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl458.
^ Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN. Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex. Cell. 2006, 125 (5): 887–901. PMID 16751099. S2CID 453021. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043 .
^ Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T. DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing. Cell Rep. 2017, 19 (1): 162–174. PMC 5423785 . PMID 28380355. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128191 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-4] Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8. （原始內容存檔於2010-12-05）.

[5] Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ. Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex. Nature. Nov 2004, 432 (7014): 231–5. PMID 15531879. doi:10.1038/nature03049.

[6] Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN. Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Research. 2006, 34 (16): 4622–9. PMC 1636349 . PMID 16963499. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl458.

[pmid16751099-7] Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN. Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex. Cell. 2006, 125 (5): 887–901. PMID 16751099. S2CID 453021. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043 .

[Calses-8] Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T. DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing. Cell Rep. 2017, 19 (1): 162–174. PMC 5423785 . PMID 28380355. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021.

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