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空降部隊

维基百科，自由的百科全书

空降

軍事跳傘或滑翔前運人員或物資的形式。

用途

提供人員，設備或耗材。

起源

起源於1927年11月意大利部隊。

空降部隊（英語：Airborne forces）屬於軍事單位，早期為輕裝步兵，近年分演為「傘降兵」、「機降兵（英语：Glider infantry）」、「空中突擊兵」3種。其部隊運動通常採用运输机等航空器进行“空投”来戰鬥。因此，他們可以投入敵後，有能力在幾乎任何地方进行部署。二戰直到現在空降兵仍然具有高度風險，空降部队的編隊輜重往往是有限的，只能經由他們的航空器进行運輸，難以汇集足夠持續的軍力，因此主要的優勢在於情報得利之“在幾分鐘內突然冒出的數量和大小”，否則一旦沒配合好就會遭遇重大損失，歐美稱為「垂直包圍行動」（英語：vertical envelopment）。[1][2]

一般

空降部隊運用概分為3類：

空降的基本前提是，他們可以快速抵達，不能快速部署一個連貫的防禦。據推測，這種戰術上的優勢不能持續很長，所以傘兵必須善用敵人的資材，不斷通過空中補給或等待地面部隊以得到支援。[7]雖然空降部隊在運輸過程中通常手無寸鐵，但是，他們的突然出現帶給守衛部隊一瞬間「驚奇」或「衝擊」。[4]

空降部隊一般（早期）都是由步兵、輕量、非裝甲車輛（例如吉普車、悍馬車等高機動車）和槍支及迫擊砲組成。在第二次世界大戰中，傘兵使用了輕型摩托車，如美軍Cushman 公司（英语：Cushman (company)）53型速克達（G683）和英軍威爾單兵摩托車。

朝鮮戰爭結束後，輕重量車輛能夠通過降落傘空降開始研發，例如M-551謝里登輕型坦克。苏联開發BMD-1步兵戰車和BMD-3步兵战车。直升機可以運輸輕型裝甲車，例如德國鼬鼠裝甲車、美軍LAV-25裝甲車和英国的CVR (T)（英语：Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)）等。以及，大型運輸機可供運輸少量主戰坦克或較笨重的步兵戰車。

许多空降重武器例如坦克，吉普车担心落地时摔坏，尤考验单位事前准备

戰爭史

相关影视剧作

参考文献

引用

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2023-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-04）. 
  2. ^ https://www.163.com/dy/article/IH3BH2BS054399GE.html
  3. ^ Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, The User of Air Power. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v-ix.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2015-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-15）. ，2004-04-16
  6. ^ 第肆章中共特種作戰部隊組建與發展 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）pdf高甯松 著作 - 2004
  7. ^ 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁
  8. ^ 瓦勒尔鎮（Varel），中文譯名參考自酒店 Varel. World of hotels. [2013-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）. 

来源

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  • 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下。
  • 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁。
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  • Norton, G.G., The Red Devils – The Story Of The British Airborne Forces, Pan Books Ltd, 1973
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  • Whiting, Charles Slaughter Over Sicily, Leo Cooper, 1992

参见

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=空降部隊&oldid=82347514”