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前亞當假說

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前亞當假說Pre-Adamite hypothesis),或作前亞當主義Pre-adamism)是神學宗教學上的一個信仰,認為早在《聖經》人物亞當出現以前,人類就已存在,有一个「前亚当世界」存在过。這個假設與《聖經》聲稱亞當是世上第一個人類相違背,所以也有一些基督教會(例如:香港的錫安教會)的信眾認為這些「類人生物」的智慧未足以被稱為「人類」。前亞當主義因此跟傳統的猶太教、基督宗教及伊斯蘭教相異之處,在於他們不認為亞當是這世上的第一個人。

歷史

有關人類起源的最早期辯論發生於公元170年,當時安条克的狄奥菲鲁斯埃及省的一位異教徒埃及人阿波羅英语Apollonius Dyscolus辯論,到底這個世界有如《聖經》所言只有數千年歷史,還是如異教信仰所指,有153,075年歷史。[1]:26

當代非種族主義的前亞當主義可以追溯到神秘主義者帕紹·貝弗利·蘭多夫英语Paschal Beverly Randolph。帕紹相信前亞當主義,並在1863年以格里芬·李的名義撰寫了《前亞當人:在10萬年前的地球展示人類族群的存在!》。這本書是對前亞當主義的獨特貢獻,因為它不僅僅基於聖經理由。蘭多夫參考來自許多不同地區的各種資料撰寫他的書。在這本書中,帕紹聲稱亞當不是第一個男人,並且在35,000到100,000年前,全球各大陸都有前亞當人的存在。他的書不同於其他前亞當派作家的著作,因為蘭多夫聲稱前亞當人是文明人,而其他前亞當派作家則認為前亞當人是野獸或原始人。[2][1]:27-28,125

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註釋

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Popkin, Richard Henry. Isaac La Peyrère (1596-1676): His Life, Work, and Influence. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. 1987 [February 25, 2021]. ISBN 90-04-08157-7. (原始内容存档于2022-10-06). 
  2. ^ Paschal Beverly Randolph, Pre-Adamite man: demonstrating the existence of the human race upon the earth 100,000 thousand years ago!, 1863

參考書目

  • Duncan, Isabella (1860). Pre-Adamite man : or, the story of our old planet & its inhabitants, told by Scripture & science.. London : Saunders, Otley, and Co. (Originally published anonymously, but known subsequently that the author was the wife of George John C. Duncan, the son of Henry Duncan.)
  • Flood, Gavin (2003). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-21535-2
  • Frederickson, George M. (1987). The Black Image in the White Mind. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6188-6
  • Graves, Joseph L. (2003). The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium. Newark, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3302-3
  • Haynes, Stephen R. (2002). Noah's Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514279-9
  • Harvey, Paul (2005). Freedom's Coming : Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era. UNC Press. ISBN 0-8078-2901-3
  • Livingstone, David N. (2008). Adam’s ancestors : race, religion, and the politics of human origins. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8813-7.
  • Livingstone, David N. Adam's Ancestors: Race, Religion, and the Politics of Human Origins. JHU Press. 1 March 2011. ISBN 978-1-4214-0143-0. 
  • Popkin, Richard Henry. Isaac La Peyrère (1596-1676): His Life, Work, and Influence. BRILL. 1987. ISBN 90-04-08157-7. 
  • Popkin, Richard Henry (1992). Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 90-04-09324-9
  • Smith, Christian (2003). The Secular Revolution. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23000-0
  • Swain, Carol M. (2002). The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80886-3
  • Almond, Philip C. (1999). Adam and Eve in Seventeenth-Century Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66076-9
  • Barkun, Michael (1996). Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. UNC Press. ISBN 0-8078-4638-4

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