植物配種
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植物配種(英語:Plant breeding)是指透過改變植物的特徵而產生所期望的特性的藝術和科學。[1]植物配種現使用於為人類和動物改善產品中營養的品質。[2] 植物育種的目標是培育出具有獨特和優越性狀、適合各種應用的作物品種。最常被提及的農業性狀是那些與生物和非生物脅迫耐受性、穀物或生物量產量、最終用途品質特徵(例如味道或特定生物分子(蛋白質、糖、脂質、維生素、纖維)的濃度)以及易於加工有關的特性。[3]
植物育種可以透過許多不同的技術進行,從簡單地選擇具有所需繁殖特性的植物,到利用遺傳學和染色體知識的方法,再到更複雜的分子技術。植物中的基因決定了其具有何種類型的質量或數量性狀。植物育種者努力創造特定的植物結果和潛在的新植物品種,並在此過程中將該品種的遺傳多樣性縮小到特定的幾種生物型。[4]
參考來源
- ^ Breeding Field Crops. 1995. Sleper and Poehlman. Page 3
- ^ Hartung, Frank; Schiemann, Joachim. Precise plant breeding using new genome editing techniques: opportunities, safety and regulation in the EU. the plant journal. [2018-02-27]. doi:10.1111/tpj.12413. (原始内容存档于2019-12-14).
- ^ Willy H. Verheye (编). Plant Breeding and Genetics. Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production Volume I. Eolss Publishers. 2010: 185. ISBN 978-1-84826-367-3.
- ^ Hayes, Patrick M.; Castro, Ariel; Marquez-Cedillo, Luis; Corey, Ann; Henson, Cynthia; Jones, Berne L.; Kling, Jennifer; Mather, Diane; Matus, Ivan; Rossi, Carlos; Sato, Kazuhiro. Genetic diversity for quantitatively inherited agronomic and malting quality traits. Roland von Bothmer; Theo van Hintum; Helmut Knüpffer; Kazuhiro Sato (编). Diversity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Amsterdam Boston: Elsevier. 2003: 201–226. ISBN 978-0-444-50585-9. ISSN 0168-7972. OCLC 162130976. doi:10.1016/S0168-7972(03)80012-9. ISBN 1865843830.
普遍的
- McCouch, S. Diversifying Selection in Plant Breeding. PLOS Biol. 2004, 2 (10): e347. PMC 521731 . PMID 15486582. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020347 .
- Briggs, F.N. and Knowles, P.F. 1967. Introduction to Plant Breeding. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York.
- Curry, Helen Anne. Evolution Made to Order: Plant Breeding and Technological Innovation in Twentieth-Century America (ISBN 9780226390116) U of Chicago Press, 2016. x, 285 pp.
- Gepts, P. A Comparison between Crop Domestication, Classical Plant Breeding, and Genetic Engineering. Crop Science. 2002, 42 (6): 1780–1790. doi:10.2135/cropsci2002.1780 .
- The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication – The Harlan Symposium
- Schlegel, Rolf (2009) Encyclopedic Dictionary of Plant Breeding 2nd ed. (ISBN 9781439802427), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 584
- Schlegel, Rolf (2007) Concise Encyclopedia of Crop Improvement: Institutions, Persons, Theories, Methods, and Histories (ISBN 9781560221463), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 423
- Schlegel, Rolf (2014) Dictionary of Plant Breeding, 2nd ed., (ISBN 978-1439802427), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis Group, Inc., New York, USA, pp 584
- Schouten, Henk J.; Krens, Frans A.; Jacobsen, Evert. Do cisgenic plants warrant less stringent oversight?. Nature Biotechnology. 2006, 24 (7): 753. PMID 16841052. S2CID 8087798. doi:10.1038/nbt0706-753 .
- Schouten, Henk J.; Krens, Frans A.; Jacobsen, Evert. Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants. EMBO Reports. 2006, 7 (8): 750–753. PMC 1525145 . PMID 16880817. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400769.
- Sun. From indica and japonica splitting in common wild rice DNA to the origin and evolution of Asian cultivated rice. Agricultural Archaeology: 21–29.
- Thro, A.M.; Spillane, C. (1999) Biotechnology assisted participatory plant breeding: Complement or contradiction? CGIAR Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis, Working Document No.4, CIAT: Cali. 150pp.
- Deppe, Carol. Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties. Chelsea Green Publishing. 2000.
- Vaschetto, Luis M. (编). Cereal Genomics. Methods in Molecular Biology 2072. 2020. ISBN 978-1-4939-9864-7. ISSN 1064-3745. S2CID 82398463. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4 (英国英语).
外部連結
- Plant Breeding and Genomics eXtension Community of Practice – education and training materials for plant breeders and allied professionals
- Plant Breeding Updates
- Hybridization of Crop Plants – large practical reference on plant hybridization
- Infography about the History of Plant Breeding
- Glossary of plant breeding terminology by the Open Plant Breeding Foundation
- National Association of Plant Breeders (NAPB)
- The Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building – GIPB
- FAO/IAEA Programme Mutant Variety Database
- FDA Statement of Policy – Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties
- A Breed Apart: The Plant Breeder's Guide to Preventing Patents through Defensive Publication by Cydnee V. Bence & Emily J. Spiegel, 2019