鈉的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鈉(原子量:22.98976928(2))共有22個已知同位素,質量數介於18-37之間,其中只有1個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性,因此鈉屬於單一同位素元素。天然存在的鈉同位素有3個,分別是穩定的23Na和具放射性的22Na及24Na,其中23Na占天然鈉的絕大部分,而22Na和24Na在自然界中僅痕量存在,為宇宙射線散裂所產生。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中,只有在實驗室製造出來過,且半衰期都極短,非常不穩定。
圖表
符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 Na |
11 | 7 | 97(5) 18.025 | ×10−21 s 1.3(4) | p (>99.9%) | 17Ne | (1−)# | |
β+ (<.1%) | 18Ne | |||||||
19 Na |
11 | 8 | 877(13) 19.013 | <40 ns | p | 18Ne | (5/2+)# | |
20 Na |
11 | 9 | 351(7) 20.007 | 447.9(23) ms | β+ (75%) | 20Ne | 2+ | |
β+, α (25%) | 16O | |||||||
21 Na |
11 | 10 | 6552(8) 20.997 | 22.49(4) s | β+ | 21Ne | 3/2+ | |
22 Na |
11 | 11 | 4364(4) 21.994 | 2.6027(10) y | β+ | 22Ne | 3+ | 痕量[n 4] |
22m Na |
583.03(9) keV | 244(6) ns | 1+ | |||||
23 Na |
11 | 12 | 7692809(29) 22.989 | 稳定 | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | ||
24 Na |
11 | 13 | 96278(8) 23.990 | 14.9590(12) h | β− | 24Mg | 4+ | 痕量[n 4] |
24m Na |
472.207(9) keV | 20.20(7) ms | IT (99.95%) | 24Na | 1+ | |||
β− (.05%) | 24Mg | |||||||
25 Na |
11 | 14 | 9540(13) 24.989 | 59.1(6) s | β− | 25Mg | 5/2+ | |
26 Na |
11 | 15 | 633(6) 25.992 | 1.077(5) s | β− | 26Mg | 3+ | |
27 Na |
11 | 16 | 077(4) 26.994 | 301(6) ms | β− (99.87%) | 27Mg | 5/2+ | |
β−, n (.13%) | 26Mg | |||||||
28 Na |
11 | 17 | 938(14) 27.998 | 30.5(4) ms | β− (99.421%) | 28Mg | 1+ | |
β−, n (.579%) | 27Mg | |||||||
29 Na |
11 | 18 | 861(14) 29.002 | 44.9(12) ms | β− (74.09%) | 29Mg | 3/2(+#) | |
β−, n (25.91%) | 28Mg | |||||||
30 Na |
11 | 19 | 976(27) 30.008 | 48.4(17) ms | β− (68.83%) | 30Mg | 2+ | |
β−, n (30.0%) | 29Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n (1.17%) | 28Mg | |||||||
β−, α | 26Ne | |||||||
31 Na |
11 | 20 | 59(23) 31.013 | 17.0(4) ms | β− (62.05%) | 31Mg | (3/2+) | |
β−, n | 30Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n | 29Mg | |||||||
β−, 3n | 28Mg | |||||||
32 Na |
11 | 21 | 47(38) 32.020 | 12.9(7) ms | β− | 32Mg | (3−,4−) | |
β−, n | 31Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n | 30Mg | |||||||
33 Na |
11 | 22 | 72(94) 33.026 | 8.2(2) ms | β−, n (52.0%) | 32Mg | 3/2+# | |
β− (36.0%) | 33Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n (12.0%) | 31Mg | |||||||
34 Na |
11 | 23 | 17(96)# 34.035 | 5.5(10) ms | β−, 2n (50.0%) | 32Mg | 1+ | |
β− (35.0%) | 34Mg | |||||||
β−, n (15.0%) | 33Mg | |||||||
35 Na |
11 | 24 | 49(102)# 35.042 | 1.5(5) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 35Mg | 3/2+# | |
β−, n (<.1%) | 34Mg | |||||||
37 Na |
11 | 26 | 37.05934(103)# | 1# ms [>1.5 µs] | 3/2+# |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
- ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ 4.0 4.1 宇宙射线同位素
← | 同位素列表 | → |
氖的同位素 | 鈉的同位素 | 鎂的同位素 |
參考文獻
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. nucleonica. [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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