膦甲酸
临床资料 | |
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商品名 | Foscavir, Vocarvi, others |
其他名称 | phosphonomethanoic acid, dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601144 |
核准状况 | |
怀孕分级 |
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给药途径 | Intravenous |
ATC码 | |
法律规范状态 | |
法律规范 |
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药物动力学数据 | |
生物利用度 | NA |
血浆蛋白结合率 | 14–17% |
生物半衰期 | 3.3–6.8 hours |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 4428-95-9 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | CH3O5P |
摩尔质量 | 126.00 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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Foscarnet (膦甲酸),商品名Foscavir,是一种抗病毒药物,主要用于治疗疱疹病毒科的病毒感染,属于焦磷酸类似物DNA聚合酶抑制剂。[3] [4]膦甲酸是化学式HO2CPO3H2 (膦酰甲酸三钠)的化合物的共轭碱。 [5] [6]
膦甲酸于1991年经核准用于医疗用途。[7]
医疗用途
膦甲酸钠盐商品名为 Foscavir,可用于治疗疱疹病毒感染,包括抗药性巨细胞病毒(CMV) 和 第1 型与第 2 型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1 和 HSV- 2),尤其是使用于治疗巨细胞病毒导致的视网膜炎。也可尝试治疗曾接受过多种治疗的人类免疫缺陷病毒患者。 [8] [9] [10]
作用机转
膦甲酸是焦磷酸盐阴离子的结构类似物,在未达影响人类DNA 聚合酶的浓度下,即可抑制病毒毒 DNA 聚合酶上的焦磷酸盐结合处。 [11]
在接受阿昔洛韦或更昔洛韦这类 DNA 聚合酶抑制剂治疗的病人,HSV 或 CMV 等病毒的蛋白激酶(分别是胸苷激酶或 UL97 蛋白激酶)可能发生突变而对这类抗病毒药物产生抗药性。 [12] [13]然而,与阿昔洛韦和更昔洛韦不同之处,膦甲酸作用过程中不须被病毒的蛋白激酶活化,因此可用于治疗对阿昔洛韦或更昔洛韦发生抗药性 HSV 和 CMV 感染。 [5]
然而,因病毒 DNA 聚合酶突变而对阿昔洛韦或更昔洛韦产生抗药性的病毒品系,也可能对本药有抗药性。 [14] [15]
给药途径
膦甲酸经由静脉输注或直接注射于眼球玻璃体内。
副作用
- 肾毒性:可能导致病人血清肌酸酐浓度升高以及肾损伤。 [5] [16]使用期间发生肾小管坏死几率高达45%。[17]应避免同时使用其他具肾毒性之药物;肾毒性通常是可逆的,调整剂量与充足给水可降低之。 [18]
- 电解质异常:可能发生低钙血症和低镁血症[18] [19] ,应定期监测血中电解质以避免临床毒性。 [5] [20]
- 生殖器溃疡:不常见的副作用,多发生于男性,通常在刚开始使用膦甲酸时发生。 [5]很可能是是由于尿液中高浓度的膦甲酸导致的接触性皮肤炎。停药后通常迅速消退。 [21]
- 中枢神经系统:较不常见的副作用,包括口腔周围感觉异常、易怒、心智状态改变等等。 [20]
参考资料
- ^ Regulatory Decision Summary - Vocarvi. Health Canada. 23 October 2014 [4 June 2022].
- ^ Foscavir- foscarnet sodium injection, solution. DailyMed. 23 April 2020 [6 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-26).
- ^ Wagstaff, Antona J.; Bryson, Harriet M. Foscarnet. Drugs. 1994-08-01, 48 (2): 199–226. ISSN 1179-1950. PMID 7527325. doi:10.2165/00003495-199448020-00007 (英语).
- ^ Chrisp, Paul; Clissold, Stephen P. Foscarnet. Drugs. 1991-01-01, 41 (1): 104–129. ISSN 1179-1950. PMID 1706982. doi:10.2165/00003495-199141010-00009 (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Garikapati, Sriram; Nguyen, Minhthao, Foscarnet, StatPearls (Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing), 2022 [2022-04-04], PMID 32310568, (原始内容存档于2023-05-18)
- ^ phosphonoformic acid (CHEBI:127780). www.ebi.ac.uk. [2022-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ Long, Sarah S.; Pickering, Larry K.; Prober, Charles G. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 1502 [2023-06-29]. ISBN 978-1437727029. (原始内容存档于2023-01-10) (英语).
- ^ Canestri A, Ghosn J, Wirden M, et al. Foscarnet salvage therapy for patients with late-stage HIV disease and multiple drug resistance. Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 2006, 11 (5): 561–6. PMID 16964823. S2CID 24905247. doi:10.1177/135965350601100501 .
- ^ Mathiesen S, Dam E, Roge B, et al. Long-term foscarnet therapy remodels thymidine analogue mutations and alters resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine in HIV-1. Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 2007, 12 (3): 335–43. PMID 17591023. S2CID 19856772. doi:10.1177/135965350701200310 .
- ^ Meyer PR, Rutvisuttinunt W, Matsuura SE, So AG, Scott WA. Stable complexes formed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at distinct positions on the primer-template controlled by binding deoxynucleoside triphosphates or foscarnet. J. Mol. Biol. 2007, 369 (1): 41–54. PMC 1986715 . PMID 17400246. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.006.
- ^ Meyer PR, Rutvisuttinunt W, Matsuura SE, So AG, Scott WA. Stable complexes formed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at distinct positions on the primer-template controlled by binding deoxynucleoside triphosphates or foscarnet. J. Mol. Biol. May 2007, 369 (1): 41–54. PMC 1986715 . PMID 17400246. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.006.
- ^ Chou, Sunwen. Cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations in the era of ganciclovir and maribavir. Reviews in Medical Virology. July 2008, 18 (4): 233–246 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 1052-9276. PMID 18383425. S2CID 42775774. doi:10.1002/rmv.574. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ Frobert, E.; Ooka, T.; Cortay, J. C.; Lina, B.; Thouvenot, D.; Morfin, F. Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Mutations Associated with Resistance to Acyclovir: a Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. March 2005, 49 (3): 1055–1059. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 549244 . PMID 15728902. doi:10.1128/aac.49.3.1055-1059.2005.
- ^ Bonnafous P, Naesens L, Petrella S, et al. Different mutations in the HHV-6 DNA polymerase gene accounting for resistance to foscarnet. Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 2007, 12 (6): 877–88. PMID 17926642. S2CID 24584000. doi:10.1177/135965350701200608 .
- ^ Tchesnokov EP, Gilbert C, Boivin G, Götte M. Role of helix P of the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase in resistance and hypersusceptibility to the antiviral drug foscarnet. J. Virol. February 2006, 80 (3): 1440–50. PMC 1346920 . PMID 16415021. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1440-1450.2006.
- ^ Ota, Ryosuke; Hirata, Atsushi; Noto, Keisuke; Yokoyama, Satoshi; Hosomi, Kouichi; Takada, Mitsutaka; Matsuoka, Hiroshi. Relationship between serum calcium and creatinine in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients treated with foscarnet. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. May 2020, 58 (5): 274–281 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 0946-1965. PMID 32101522. S2CID 211537187. doi:10.5414/CP203650. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ 藥學雜誌電子報97期. jtp.taiwan-pharma.org.tw. [2023-06-29]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-29).
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Jacobson, M A. Review of the toxicities of foscarnet. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 1992-01-01,. 5 Suppl 1: S11–7. ISSN 0894-9255. PMID 1534839.
- ^ Gearhart, Maureen O.; Sorg, Timothy B. Foscarnet-Induced Severe Hypomagnesemia and other Electrolyte Disorders. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. March 1993, 27 (3): 285–289 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 1060-0280. PMID 8384030. S2CID 37250222. doi:10.1177/106002809302700304. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ 20.0 20.1 Zareifopoulos, Nicholas; Lagadinou, Maria; Karela, Anastasia; Kyriakopoulou, Ourania; Velissaris, Dimitrios. Neuropsychiatric Effects of Antiviral Drugs. Cureus. 2020-08-03, 12 (8): e9536 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 7465925 . PMID 32905132. doi:10.7759/cureus.9536. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04) (英语).
- ^ Adalsteinsson, Jonas A.; Pan, Michael; Kaushik, Shivani; Ungar, Jonathan. Foscarnet-induced genital lesions: An overview with a case report. Dermatology Reports. 2018-06-20, 10 (1): 7749. ISSN 2036-7392. PMC 6026811 . PMID 29991980. doi:10.4081/dr.2018.7749.