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N6-甲基腺苷

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N6-甲基腺苷
IUPAC名
N-Methyladenosine
别名 m6A
识别
CAS号 1867-73-8  checkY
PubChem 102175
ChemSpider 92307
SMILES
 
  • n2c1c(ncnc1NC)n(c2)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO
ChEBI 21891
性质
化学式 C11H15N5O4
摩尔质量 281.27 g·mol−1
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

N6-甲基腺苷(N6-Methyladenosine,简称m6A)是真核生物细胞mRNA中最常见的修饰,也见于tRNArRNAsnRNAlncRNA(如Xist英语XIST)等其他种RNA,细胞RNA中约有0.1%至0.4%的腺苷(A)位点具有此修饰[1]。m6A最早在1970年代即被发现,但未知其功能[2][3],近年随着其修饰酶(writer)、去修饰酶(eraser)和识别蛋白(reader)的发现,其修饰机制与功能逐渐明朗。m6A是由一甲基转移酶英语Methyltransferase复合体修饰,复合体包括METTL3METTL14英语METTL14WTAP英语WTAP (gene)RBM15、KIAA1429与METTL5等,可将S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)上的甲基转移到RNA的腺苷上[1]FTO蛋白与ALKBH5英语AlkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase则为m6A去甲基酶,可移除RNA上m6A的甲基[1];具YTH结构域(YT521-B homology domain)的蛋白(YTHDF1YTHDF2YTHDF3YTHDC1英语YTHDC1等)、IGF2BP1英语IGF2BP1IGF2BP2英语IGF2BP2IGF2BP3英语IGF2BP3FMR1英语FMR1RBMX英语RBMX等蛋白可与mRNA上的m6A结合,为其识别蛋白,因蛋白种类和RNA序列而异可促进或抑制其翻译、降解、剪接[1]。研究m6A转录组的技术包括m6A测序(m6A Seq )、mRNA甲基化测序(MeRIP-seq)、m6A-CLIP英语Cross-linking immunoprecipitationSCARLET[1]。有数种癌症与m6A修饰的异常有关[4][5][6]。除真核生物外,许多RNA病毒也具有m6A修饰,可能与其感染、复制有关[7][8][9]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Zhang C, Fu J, Zhou Y. A Review in Research Progress Concerning m6A Methylation and Immunoregulation.. Front Immunol. 2019, 10: 922. PMC 6497756可免费查阅. PMID 31080453. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00922. 
  2. ^ Adams JM, Cory S. Modified nucleosides and bizarre 5'-termini in mouse myeloma mRNA. Nature. 1975, 255 (5503): 28–33. Bibcode:1975Natur.255...28A. PMID 1128665. doi:10.1038/255028a0. 
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